1. Great Depression and New Deal Review

2. When you invest in the stock market, what can happen with your money?
Earn, lose, stay the same

3. Why did people invest in the stock market in the twenties?
Stock prices were rising, made more money than banks

4. Were banks safe during the depression?
No- people withdrew money- banks closed

5. Who was the Bonus Army?
WWI vets- down on their luck

6. When were they supposed to be paid?
1945

7. Why did some people view Pretty Boy Floyd as a hero?
Helped poor, destroyed mortgages- banks were viewed as bad

8. What is speculation?
Short term investing

9. Who was the President when the stock market crashed
Who was the President when the stock market crashed? What Party was he from?
Hoover, Republican

10. What was the role of optimism in the stock market crash?
People were too optimistic- invested needed money in stock market

11. What is buying on margin? Is it legal now?
Putting a little down- repay with earnings- no

12. What natural disaster hit farmers in 1930?
drought

13. What happened to the price of farmland during the depression?
Went way down

14. What was the leading relief agency in 1930?
Red Cross

15. What did Hoover not include in his relief efforts?
Direct Aid- food for people

16. What was the Harley Smoot Tariff?
Highest tariff in US history- decreased world trade

17. What is a foreclosure?
Bank takes back property because payments are late

18. Who won the election of 1932? What Party was he from?
F. Roosevelt, Democrat

19. What were the Bank Holidays?
Banks closed to withdrawals, examined and opened when they were ok

20. What was the Tennessee Valley area like before the TVA project?
100 yrs behind rest of country, poor, flooding and erosion, little electricity

21. What were the three aims of the TVA?
Navigation, Electricity, flood control

22. Why were the people of the Tennessee Valley eventually pleased with the TVA?
Jobs

23. What were FDR’s three Rs?
Relief
Recovery
Reform

24. What were “Fireside Chats”?
Attempts by FDR to calm people

25. How did the AAA affect tenant farmers?
Only gave money to property owners

26. What positions did FDR hold before the Presidency?
Governor of NY

27. Why did Alf Landon lose to FDR?
No real difference from FDR- country was starting to improve

28. What replaced the NIRA?
Wagner Act

29. How did the Social Security Act help people?
Money for disabled, orphaned and retired

30. Why did FDR want to change the Supreme Court?
Get votes on his side

31. What happened when FDR cut back on the New Deal in 1937?
Unemployment increased

32. Why was Gone With the Wind popular during the depression?
Romantic escape- people prevailing against odds

33. Who was
Townsend- promoted a pension plan for elderly- pay not to work, must spend
Long- proposed a nationwide social program “share our wealth” assassinated

34. Who was
Coughlin- Roman Catholic priest, thought FDR did not go far enough wanted nationalized banks and guaranteed annual income
Landon- lost ’36 election to FDR
Eleanor Roosevelt- 1st lady, spoke out for women, minorities, down trodden

35. What was the AAA- Plan to help farmers by limiting production
WPA- work program- construction, writing, murals, city guides

36. What was the
PWA and NIRA- money to states for construction of schools and other municipal buildings
NRA- established fair practices for business
ALL- felt that the New Deal violated individual rights and property

37. What was the
CCC- Put yr. olds to work- building roads, developing parks, planting trees
FDIC- part of Glass Steagall Act-insured deposits in banks

38. How did the Rural Electrification Act affect different areas?
Electricity- housework easier, demand for appliances

39. What was the role of optimism in causing the depression and helping America recover?
People were too optimistic and speculated with money they couldn’t afford to lose.
Later people regained confidence in banks and America.

40. How would rich people not buying goods affect other areas of society?
Less products needed, less people (jobs) needed to manufacture

41. Why were Conservatives critical of the New Deal?
Took away freedom, government too involved with business

42. Why were liberals critical of the New Deal?
Didn’t go far enough

43. What are demagogues?
leaders who manipulate people with half truths, deceptive promises, and scare tactics

44. How was the New Deal limited in helping African-Americans? Women?
Maintained discrimination- no equal pay, limited professional jobs

45. What brought an end to the Great Depression?
World War II