1. Civil Rights Walkabout
Answer sheet

2. Station 1 - Discrimination Against African Americans
Define the term “Segregation”
to cause or force the separation of; in this case, separating people based on race

3. Station 1 - Discrimination Against African Americans
2. How was segregation enforced in the South? Laws and customs enforcement vacation in the south

4. Station 1 - Discrimination Against African Americans
3. List 5 examples of segregation in the South.
Banned people of different races from sharing taxicabs
Different races have separate entrances to building
Separate elevators and stairways
Separate drinking fountains
Separate water faucets
Blacks could not sit on the same train car is whites
Blacks had to sit in the back of the bus
Blacks had to give up their bus seats to whites

5. Station 1 - Discrimination Against African Americans
Why did African Americans hesitate to speak out against segregation?
Fear of being fired from their jobs, harassed by police, beaten, or worse (killed).

6. Station 2 - The Supreme Court Ends School Segregation
5. List 3 ways in which segregated schools were separate but unequal.
Blacks schools often
Were old and dingy
Overcrowded
Had few books, maps, textbooks, library materials
Few or no desks

7. Station 2 - The Supreme Court Ends School Segregation
6. What year was the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education? 1954

8. Station 2 - The Supreme Court Ends School Segregation
7. What did Brown v. Board of Education say/do? It ended school segregation

9. Station 2 - The Supreme Court Ends School Segregation
8. Who was Thurgood Marshall? The lawyer who won the Brown v. Board of Education decision. He also became the first African American Supreme Court Justice.

10. Station 3 - The Montgomery Bus Boycott
9. Who was Rosa Parks? She was the African American lady who, in 1955, was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus. This started the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

11. Station 3 - The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Describe what the Montgomery Bus Boycott was and how it affected African Americans. 17,000 African Americans stop riding the busses. This caused many to carpool or walk to work everyday.

12. Station 3 - The Montgomery Bus Boycott
11. How long did the bus boycott last? More than a year

13. Station 3 - The Montgomery Bus Boycott
12. What was the result of the boycott? The Supreme Court ruled that segregated busses is unconstitutional.

14. Station 3 - The Montgomery Bus Boycott
13. What role did Martin Luther King Jr. play in the bus boycott? MKL was chosen to lead the bus boycott.

15. Station 4 - Nonviolent Protests
14. When did the events surrounding the “Little Rock Nine” occur? 1957

16. Station 4 - Nonviolent Protests
15. Describe who the “Little Rock Nine” were and what they did.
9 African American students who tried repeatedly to enter Central High School in Little Rock, AR. They were eventually allowed in when the President sent troops to protect them

17. Station 4 - Nonviolent Protests
16. What is a sit-in? A form of nonviolent resistance to segregation in which people occupy seats in a segregated facility (usually a restaurant)

18. Station 4 - Nonviolent Protests
17. Were sit-ins successful? Why or why not? Yes. Sit-ins negatively affected business profits and business owners needed to make a profit

19. Station 5 - The Movement Comes to Birmingham
18. Why did Civil Rights leaders chose to protest in Birmingham, Alabama? Because in up until 1962, Birmingham had succeeded in denying African Americans civil rights and continuing segregation.

20. Station 5 - The Movement Comes to Birmingham
19. List tactics used by the Birmingham police and Bull Connor to end the protests.
Threatened to throw store owners in jail if they served African Americans
Arrested MLK for “Parading without a permit”
Arrested protesters
Sprayed protesters with high pressure hoses
Swung nightsticks at people’s heads
Used attack dogs

21. Station 5 - The Movement Comes to Birmingham
20. Summarize the main point of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” That the protesters do not cause tensions, but that they expose the tensions that already exist.

22. Station 5 - The Movement Comes to Birmingham
21. What were the Children’s marches? Because so many protesters had been arrested, MLK agreed to recruit and allow children to protest.

23. Station 5 - The Movement Comes to Birmingham
22. How did Birmingham become desegregated? President Kennedy sent 3,000 troops to restore peace. Store owners ended segregation in their stores. The mayor had ended segregation at the library, golf courses, park, and schools.

24. Station 6 - The March on Washington and Civil Rights Laws
23. When did the Civil Rights March on Washington take place? August 28, 1963

25. Station 6 - The March on Washington and Civil Rights Laws
24. What famous speech was given at this march? Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream”

26. Station 6 - The March on Washington and Civil Rights Laws
25. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? Outlawed segregation in public facilities and banned discrimination in employment based on race, sex, religion, or nationality.

27. Station 6 - The March on Washington and Civil Rights Laws
26. What did the Voting Rights Act do? Outlawed literacy test, allowed the President to register blacks to vote in 7 southern states. In a few months, over 600,000 African Americans had registered to vote in the south.

28. Station 6 - The March on Washington and Civil Rights Laws
27. How did Martin Luther King Jr. die? He was shot to death by James Earl Ray

29. Station 7 - Black Power
28. What is meant by the term “Black Power”? The call by some civil rights activist for African Americans to have political and economic power. This included not relying on nonviolent protests.

30. Station 7 - Black Power
29. How did “black pride” and “black power” cause some young African Americans to reject Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy of nonviolence? Many African Americans thought that they should be able to defend themselves even with violence.

31. Station 7 - Black Power
30. Why did many African Americans believe they should be able to defend themselves with violence? Many believed that nonviolence didn’t achieve change fast enough. Others were taught that whites were the enemies of blacks and that blacks would never gain respect if they depended on whites for everything.

32. Station 7 - Black Power
31. Who was Malcolm X? A black Civil Rights leader who thought that African Americans should gain their freedom by any means necessary (including violence)