1. Types of Bonds
Unit 5

2. Valence electrons are involved in bonding.
Why do Atoms Bond?
To become stable.
V = ____
Valence electrons are involved in bonding.

3. The combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds.
What is a Chemical Bond?
The combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds.
Poisonous gas
Soft, metal + =

4. Octet Rule = atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have 8 electrons
C would like to
N would like to
O would like to
Gain 4 electrons
Gain 3 electrons
Gain 2 electrons

5. Types of Chemical Bonds
1. Ionic Bonds: formed when atoms lose or gain e-
Atoms start off neutral. When they lose or gain e-, they become ions.
IONS are charged atoms
Occurs between a METAL and a NONMETAL

6. Ionic Bonds Metal to Nonmetal19
Ionic Bonds Metal to Nonmetal
Electrons either taken or given away
Sodium
Chlorine +
Opposites attract

7. Losing & Gaining Electrons Nonmetals form ANIONS (-)
Metals form CATIONS (+) Na
Give Away
Nonmetals form ANIONS (-) Cl
Take in

8. Formation of Ions from Metals
Ionic compounds result when metals react with nonmetals
Metals lose electrons to match the number of valence electrons of their nearest noble gas
Positive ions form when the number of electrons are less than the number of protons
Group 1 metals  ion 1+
Group 2 metals  ion 2+
Group 13 metals  ion 3+

9. The (-) ion and (+) ion attract.
Opposites Attract
The (-) ion and (+) ion attract. Na Cl
(1+)
(1-) Na Cl
A neutral compound

10. The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)
Ionic Bonds
The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)

11. Ionic Bonds
An ionic bond is the resulting attraction for an anion and a cation after an electron is transferred from the metal to the non-metal

12. Diatomic Molecules -atoms of the same element share e-
Types of Chemical Bonds
2. Covalent Bonds: formed when atoms share e-; occurs b/t two nonmetals
Diatomic Molecules -atoms of the same element share e- Cl Cl
BrINClHOF

13. Covalent Bonding
Dogs of equal strength

14. Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond exists when two electrons are shared by two non-metallic atoms

16. Covalent Bond: formed between two non-metals.
Ionic or Covalent?
Ionic Bonds: formed between a metal & non-metal.
Covalent Bond: formed between two non-metals.

17. Types of Chemical Bonds
*Accounts for many physical characteristics of metals, such as strength, malleability, conduction of heat and electricity, etc.
3. Metallic Bonds: formed when metals bond with other metals.
(sea of electrons)
Types of Chemical Bonds

18. Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !
Metallic Bonds
Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !

19. Metallic Bonding
Metallic bonds are best characterized by the phrase "a sea of electrons” (also known as delocalized electrons)

20. A quick Review of Bonds:
Ionic
Metal (+)
Nonmetal (-)
Transfer of electrons creates ions that attract.
Nonmetal
Nonmetal
Covalent
The sharing of electrons creates. (BrINClHOF)
Metal
Metal
Metallic
Metal
electrons
Metal
Metal
All electrons are shared in a “sea of electrons.”