1. An overview of research and education networks and interconnectivity around the world – an update from the JET Roadmap meeting
JET Meeting
Heather Boyles
Ana Preston
7 December 2018

2. See JET Roadmap version
For more comprehensive (although now dated) information:

3. Some generalizations
The idea of national research (and education) networks (NRNs or NRENS) continues to be popular
New NRENs in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, Middle East – Pakistan, New Zealand, Jordan
Many of these NRENs incorporate both government research lab and research university connectivity covered by JETnets
Regional (continental-scale) backbone growth
Continuum from commercial Internet access, to reliable-leading-edge (production) to experimental to network research facilitating networks
But locus of most effort on supporting the high-performance, leading-edge needs of high-end science (UK e-Science, US CyberInfrastructure) and other high-end research, education, clinical needs

4. Europe Update High-performance R&E networks GÉANT2
Would allow Hybrid Network
Mix of dark fiber and wavelength/services
Mix of IP and non-IP
Terminate on Routers and Switchers
Switch Selection 4th Qtr 2004
Transmission Selection 4th Qtr 2004
Implementation 1st Qtr 2005
National fiber initiatives
Continue to see NRENs acquiring fiber, asset-based networks

5. GÉANT2 POP CONCEPT NREN 1 Geant-2 IP IP SDH NREN 2 SDH SDH SDH IP IP
Backbone
with traditional
users IP
SDH
NREN 2 GE
2x10
Gbit/s
VPN
2.5 Gbit/s
SDH
4 x 10Gbit/s l
SDH
2.5 Gbit/s
SDH
GRID User
4 x 10Gbit/s l
GRID User GE
2x10
Gbit/s
VPN
Backbone
with traditional
users IP IP IP
Source: Dai Davies, DANTE

6. GÉANT2 POP DESIGN
Source: Dai Davies, DANTE

7. TENDER UPDATE 2 Source: Dai Davies, DANTE Number of Dark Fibre Offers2 4 6 8 10 12
Offers by Country
Source: Dai Davies, DANTE

8. SURFnet6 on dark fiber
SURFnet6 will be entirely based on own dark fiber
Over 5300 km fiber pairs available today; average price paid for 15 year IRUs:
< 6 EUR/meter per pair
Managed dark fiber infrastructure will be extended with new routes, to be ready for SURFnet6
16 September 2004
Source: Erik-Jan Bos, SURFnet

9. Trans-Atlantic connectivity
Connection to
Link Operator (Funder)
BW(Mbps)
N.A. Interconnect
CERN
CERN (DOE)
10,000
StarLight
HEAnet (Ireland)
HEAnet
622/1,000
NYC/StarLight
SURFNET (NL)
SURFnet
10,000/10,000
StarLight/
CA*net(NYC)
RBnet (Russia)
Little Gloriad (NSF/Russia )
155
GEANT (Europe)
GEANT (GEANT)
2x2,500/2,500
MAN LAN/Wash
EuroLink (NSF )
2,500
StarLight/Abilene
EuroLink (NSF)
StarLight/CA*net
NetherLight
4x1,000
Internet2&SURFnet (IEEAF/TYCO)
10,000/622
MAN LAN
UKLight (UK testbed)
UKERNA (JISC)
Qatar Foundation Network
Qatar Foundation

10. Beyond Europe update Additions to “Europe”
Russia
Already had 622Mbps through St. Petersburg to NORDUnet; 622Mpbs to Amsterdam?
Russia (RBnet and RUNNET through coordination of Moscow Joint Supercomputing Center) has joined
South Africa
Tunnel through their commodity OC3 Telkom SA to Lond
Connect to GEANT
European-funded connectivity to other regions than Europe
SEEREN (southeastern Europe)
EUMEDCONNECT (Mediterranean)
Algeria, Cyprus, Israel, Malta, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey now connected
ALICE (Latin America)
Chile, Brazil now connected
TEIN2 (Southeast Asia)
Planning stages
TERENA (Trans European Research and Education Network Association)
Membership association of National Research Networks (NRNs)
No network, but technology and applications working groups
GEANT
Pan-European network (connects together National Research Networks)
Operated by DANTE
vlbi:very long baseline interferometry: Radio telescopes around the world can be linked together electronically to create an earth-sized "interferometer," which creates the effect of one giant telescope as large as the earth
e-VLBI: explore the current state of high-speed astronomy data transmission, concentrating on the transmission of pre-correlation VLBI
1st tests: October, Japan, US (Haystack) Surfnet

11. Asia-Oceania update Intra-Asian connectivity continues to grow
APAN: Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
APAN network made up of country-owned point2point links contributed to APAN
Most connect to APAN/Tokyo XP
No real shared regional “backbone” at this point
Cluster efforts (Northeast, Southeast, Oceania)
Intra-Asian connectivity continues to grow
Link information at
New Korea – China link (310Mbps)

12. Two Backbone Networks in JP
JGN II is a testbed network for e-Science projects as well as advanced networking.
SINET supports the wide community of education as well as research institutes related to universities.
Both networks are working together under the competitive environments.
September 27, 2004
2004 Internet2 Fall Member Meeting
Source: Shigeki Goto, APAN

13. Trans-Pacific connectivity
Connection to
Link Operator (Funder)
BW(Mbps)
N.A. Interconnect
APAN/Tokyo
TransPAC (NSF/NICT)
2,500 LA
Japan (JGN2)
APAN/TransPAC (NICT)
10,000
StarLight
Australia
AARNET
10,000(rsn)
Hawaii/Pacific Wave
China
CERNET
155
China (CSTNet)
LittleGLORIAD (NSF)
Korea
KOREN/KREONET2
2x622
PWave/StarLight
Hong Kong
HARNET 45
Japan
SINET
4x2,500
MAN LAN
GEMNET/NTT
622
Pacific Wave
Singapore
SingAREN
Taiwan
TANet2/TWAREN
2,500/622+1,000
ASNET
Thailand
UNINET
WIDE/APAN-TKY
WIDE&PNWGP (IEEAF/Tyco)
10,000/622
PWave
Qatar
Qatar FN

14. Central/South Asia update
South Asia progress
New Pakistan NREN – PERN
India – ERNET joined APAN; upgrade in planning?
Europeans have offered support for link
Link into APAN infrastructure?
Sri Lankan NREN – LEARN
Central Asia – Virtual Silk project
Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan now connected (via DFN(Germany))
Limited NREN connectivity, limited satellite connectivity

15. Americas update Red-CLARA up and running
First links (Chile – Brazil – Spain) were activated on August 31st, 2004, permitting REUNA (Chile) to communicate with GÉANT and on to Abilene.
Brazil connected from September 20th.
By October expected activation of complete 155 Mbps ring (Brazil – Argentina – Chile – Panama – Mexico) and also spur link to Venezuela (45 Mbps)
By December, add spurs to Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay
Central American connectivity from Mexico to El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica currently in final stages of contract negotiation
13 of 14 CLARA member networks by early 2005

16. Expected CLARA network topology
Initially connected to Europe
Tijuana (Mexico) PoP planned to be connected by dark fibre to CENIC (California)
access to US, Canada and Asia - Pacific Rim
Initial backbone ring bandwidth of 155 Mbps
Spur links at 10 to 45 Mbps (Cuba at 4 Mbps by satellite)
Initial connection to Europe at 622 Mbps from Brazil
Network to be operated by CLARA (through CUDI and RNP)
Expected also to support future scientific collaborations involving US partners
Source: Michael Stanton, CLARA

17. Americas Connectivity
Country
Network
BW (Mbps)
Interconnect
Canada
CA*net
multiGbps
StarLight/PWave/MAN LAN
Mexico
RED-CUDI
155 /100
Tijuana-San Diego (CALREN-2) / Juarez - El Paso (UTEP-UT)
Brazil
ANSP
45/622
AMPATH/CHEPREO
Argentina
RETINA2 45
AMPATH
Gemini/NOAO
(NSF funding) 10
SFGP
Puerto Rico (Arecibo Observatory)
To Abilene-U.S.
155
Venezuela
REACCIUN-2
Aggregate bandwidth into the US Internet2 Backbone network – Abilene.

18. Africa North Africa – EUMEDCONNECT (see Europe update)
South Africa – TENET tunnel to GEANT/London
NSF-funded study grant (G. Sadowsky, D. Riley, etc.)
NectarNet initiative (W. Matthews) cataloguing NREN activities in sub-Saharan Africa
12/7/2018

19. Other interconnectivity
Desire for testbed connectivity
E.g. Discussing HOPI testbed connections with GEANT2 testbed/production switched facilities
GLIF forum – meeting once per year
Discussing globally how switched infrastructures interconnect, access policies, etc.
Toward technical definition of exchange points that facilitate this vision
IEEAF Pacific and Atlantic links already in place; supporting experimentation (along with EuroLink, SURFnet link and others)

20. In addition to physical network interconnectivity
Moving toward ‘interconnecting’ and ‘peering’ these infrastructures too
Performance Measurement and Monitoring Infrastructures
NLANR/MNA measurement infrastructure
Wide international deployment
Internet2 piPEs environment
Joint development work of Internet2 and GEANT2
PMP deployments in APAN, Brazil, Europe, US
Abilene considering adding measurement infrastructure to international Interconnection Agreements
Authentication and Authorization Infrastructures
Cotswolds meeting last week
Australia, Finland, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States (also CERN) attending
e.g. InCommon trust federation in US (hosted by Internet2), SWITCHAAI, UK legacy ATHENS, planned Shibboleth-based federation, etc.

21. International Collaborations (Cont’d1)
We currently have AMP machines in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, United Kingdom, Finland, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Taiwan, and Thailand.
An NLANR AMP will soon be deployed in Moscow.We are now conducting measurements from the AMP monitor on the NaukaNet link at StarLight to more than 40 sites in Russia.
Interest by groups from Taiwan, Brazil, New Zealand, Thailand and Australia in creating their own local AMP mesh. The KISTI group in Korea has 14 local AMPs deployed.
We are a founding member and are working closely with the Pacific Rim Applications & Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA).
Courtesy: Ronn Ritke, SDSC

22. Performance Measurement: Current piPEs Deployment

23. Global PMP Directory In the absence of a look-up service …
… how do you find other measurement beacons?

24. Questions?/Corrections
Heather Boyles
Ana Preston