1. Alain L. Kornhauser Professor, Operations Research & Financial Engineering Director, Program in Transportation Faculty Chair, PAVE (Princeton Autonomous Vehicle Engineering) Princeton University Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey Committee for a Smart New Jersey The New Jersey State Chapter of ITS America 2012 Annual Symposium December 14, 2012

2. 20052007 Link to Presentation Not Easy20072005 Old House Beginning of Serious Vehicle Automation

3. Real Evolution Since the DARPA Challenges.. From the Stanford team… Feet off Hands off Feet off Hands off Google Team: ~50 People ~ $15M/yr (chump change)

4. Theyre Addressing the fact that… We really dont want to drive…

5. Addressing the fact that… We arent that good… >90% crashes involve human error Googles : DOT HS 810 767 Pre-Crash Scenario Typology for Crash Avoidance Research More on Google: Levandowski Presentation

6. Real Evolution by the Auto Makers Self-parking systems video (1 st version Toyota 03; US 06) MB Park AssistsystemsvideoMB Park Assist Lane Departure Warning SystemsSystems – Continental LWDS; Bendix AutoVue LDWS; Ford Driver Alert; Bosch Lane Departure and Lane Keeping Support; Continental Driver Assistance Systems Continental LWDS; Bendix AutoVue LDWS; Ford Driver AlerBosch Lane Departure and Lane Keeping SupportContinental Driver Assistance Systems Frontal Impact Warning Systems Volvo video Volvo video MBML350 Safety Features *; Mercedes Benz ; MB Lane Keeping Assistance; MB Active Lane Keeping Assist YouTube* MBML350 Safety Features Mercedes BenzMB Lane Keeping AssistanceMB Active Lane Keeping Assist YouTube* MB Attention Assist YouTube; MB Attention Assist YouTube

7. Evolution by Specialized Road Vehicles: Snow Plows Minnesota: Snowplow Technology Integration for Driver Assistance http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/ProjectDetail.html?id=1999005 http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/ProjectDetail.html?id=1999005 Alaska: Smart Snowplows http://www.govtech.com/e-government/Smart- Snowplows-Keep-the-Highway-to-Valdez-Alaska-Clear.html http://www.govtech.com/e-government/Smart- Snowplows-Keep-the-Highway-to-Valdez-Alaska-Clear.html California: Filed-Ready GPS-Based Guidance Methods and Systems for Winter Maintenance Vehicles http://ahmct.ucdavis.edu/pdf/UCD-ARR-09- 09-30-03.pdf http://ahmct.ucdavis.edu/pdf/UCD-ARR-09- 09-30-03.pdf

8. Evolution in Transit Buses http://www.bus2.me.umn.edu/ Objective: Efficient Utilization of Narrow Bus-Only Shoulders Methodology: Driver Assistance via Virtual Images, Haptic Feedback, and Tactile Feedback Methodology: Driver Assistance via Virtual Images, Haptic Feedback, and Tactile Feedback (It Knows Enough to Steer the Bus, but doesnt)

9. Bus 2.0: Initial Demonstration of Transit-based Driver Assistance Fleet of 10 Gillig low floor buses Morning and evening express services 22 mile (one-way) travel distance Reliable travel times in all weather and traffic conditions Fleet of 10 Gillig low floor buses Morning and evening express services 22 mile (one-way) travel distance Reliable travel times in all weather and traffic conditions

10. Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver Assistance How Do They Do It?

11. It Just Works!

12. Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System! It Consists of: Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ Port Authority Bus Terminal – 223 Departure Gates – Readily Accommodates 700 Buses/hr The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

13. Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System! It Consists of: Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln Tunnel The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

14. Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System! It Consists of: Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln Tunnel 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

15. Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System! It Consists of: Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln Tunnel 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only Many Strategically Located Park&Ride Lots The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

16. Pieces are Connected by: 495-viaduct Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) (XBL) – 2.5 miles The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

17. Pieces are Connected by: 495-viaduct Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) (XBL) – Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg – Yet exceedingly Safe » 3 (?) accidents in 41 years, no fatalities. The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

18. Pieces are Connected by: 495-viaduct Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL Movie) (XBL Movie) – Daily (6am->10am): 1,800 Buses; 65,000 pax – Peak Hour: 700 Buses; 35,000 pax – Peak Hour: At Capacity! » Physical Driver Limit » Av. 5 sec. headway The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

19. – Additional Demand Exists for BRT 2 NYC – How to increase capacity of XBL? Take a 2 nd Lane? – Political suicide! Widen the Viaduct and Helix? – Very expensive/disruptive How about Driver Assistance? – Extend Bus 2.0 Technology Improving The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

20. Go Beyond Bus 2.0: – add Intelligent Cruise Control with Lane Assist to the 2,000 buses… e.g. Daimler Benz Distronic Plus with Traffic Jam AssistDistronic PlusTraffic Jam Assist even at an incremental $100,000/bus this is just $200M Could achieve sustained 3.0 second headways – Increases practical throughput by 50% from 700 -> 1,000 buses/hr; 35,000 -> 50,000 pax/hr – Increased passenger capacity comparable to what would have been provided by $10B ARC rail tunnel Institutionally manageable: – All Express Buses are leased for 1$/yr from PANY&NJ – Facilities (XBL, LT, PABT) are controlled by PANY&NJ DoT Ideal test facility available: – Ft. Monmouth Improving The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

21. Concept Not New: Concept Makes Even More Sense Now! Improving The Worlds Best Bus Rapid Transit System

22. Thank You