1. Emotions

2. Agenda
1. Bell Ringer: How can motivation be tied to emotion? (5) 2. Intro to Emotion, various theories (15) 3. How to tell if someone is lying… (15) - 2 truths and lie test 4. Facial Experiment, guess that emotion. (5) 5. Review for Unit 9 and 10 Test

3. Emotion
Physiological responses related to the emotions of fear, anger, love, and boredom are very similar.

4. Emotion To experience emotion, one must… be physically aroused
have expressive behaviors
be cognitive (conscious of experience)

5. Expressed Emotion
Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice.

6. Izard isolated 10 emotions. Most of
them are present in infancy, except for contempt,
Shame, and guilt.
OBJECTIVE 13| Name the 10 basic emotions, and describe two dimensions psychologists use to differentiate emotions.

7. People generally divide emotions into
two dimensions.

8. James-Lange Cannon-Bard Schacter-Singer Opponent-Process
Theories of Emotion
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schacter-Singer
Opponent-Process
Cognitive Appraisal

9. Emotions happen as a result of physiological events.
James-Lange
Emotions happen as a result of physiological events.

10. James-Lange
Event
Arousal
Interpretation /
Emotion

11. James-Lange
Fear

12. James-Lange

13. Cannon-Bard (Thalamic Theory)
We feel the emotions and physiological changes at the same time.

14. Cannon-Bard
Event
Arousal
Interpretation /
Emotion

15. Cannon-Bard
Fear

16. Cannon-Bard

17. Infer emotion from arousal and then label it (cognitive).
Schachter & Singer
(Two-factor theory)
Infer emotion from arousal and then label it (cognitive).

18. Two-Factor Theory
Event
Arousal
Reasoning
Emotion

19. Two-Factor Theory
Fear
I am trembling

20. Two-Factor Theory

22. Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Our emotional experience depends on our interpretation of the situation we are in.
Primary appraisal: figuring out the consequences of decision
Secondary appraisal: figuring out the consequences of decision and your current emotions

23. Opponent-Process Theory
When we experience an emotion, an opposing emotion will counter the first emotion, lessening the experience of the emotion.
Ex. When skydiving the first time you are scared at first. But the next time you do it you only remember how fun and exhilarating it was. The fear is forgotten.

24. Agenda Day 2 Emotion
1. What are the five theories regarding emotion? (10)
2. Types of Emotion, Notes (15)
3. Fear exercise, what defines fear vs being scared? (10)
Baby clip
4. Anger, how to deal with it. (10)
5. Cartoon Experiment (15)
6. Summarizing Emotion (10)

26. Fear
Fear can torment us, rob us of sleep, and preoccupy our thinking. However, fear can be adaptive – it makes us run away from danger, it brings us closer as groups, and it protects us from injury and harm.

27. Fear is centered in the amygdala.
When fearful eyes were subliminally presented to subjects, MRI scans revealed higher levels of activity in the amygdala.

28. Learning Fear
We learn fear in two ways, either through conditioning and/or through observation.
OBJECTIVE 14| State two ways we learn our fears.

29. The Biology of Fear
Some fears are easier to learn than others. The amygdala in the brain associates emotions like fear with certain situations.
OBJECTIVE 15| Discuss some of the biological components of fear.

31. Causes of Anger
People generally become angry with friends and loved ones who commit wrongdoings, especially if they are willful, unjustified, and avoidable.
People are also angered by foul odors, high temperatures, traffic jams, and aches and pains.

32. Catharsis Hypothesis
Venting anger through action or fantasy achieves an emotional release or “catharsis.”

33. Cultural & Gender Differences
Boys respond to anger by moving away from that situation, while girls talk to their friends.
Anger breeds prejudice.
The expression of anger is more encouraged in cultures that do not promote group behavior than in cultures that do promote group behavior.

34. Happiness
People who are happy perceive the world as being safer. They are able to make decisions easily, are more cooperative, rate job applicants more favorably, and live healthier, energized, and more satisfied lives.
OBJECTIVE 17| Describe how the feel-good do-good phenomenon works, and discuss the importance of research on subjective well-being.

35. Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
When we feel happy we are more willing to help others.