1. ESSAY I: Proclamation of 1763: a result of french and indian war - ended salutary neglected  forced colonists to accept western boundary line – Washington and ben franklin upset they couldn’t accept, many colonists had already moved west unlike previous lax policies of the British Relationship of Mercantilism existed with trade but not other regulations. Troops stay here, leads to tensions such as the Boston Massacre   Stamp act: first direct tax more strongly enforced than molasses act affected upper classes/merchants/lawyers as well in dealing with contracts and other important 'paper work'  taxation without representation - created SONS OF LIBERTY Stamp Act Congress – Albany Plan by Franklin Led to DECLATORY ACT – parliament CAN TAX a lot Gave way to Townshend Acts/Greenville – including tea tax which leads to boston tea party   Coercive acts: PUNISHMENT ON COLONISTS Quartering Act – forced soldiers to be in colonists homes. infringed on self government established in Massachusetts  especially by closing the ports and trying people abroad. limited the sovereignty of colonial trading and access to ports. Inspired FIRST CONTINTENTAL CONGRESS. Incites the British to send troops, colonists form their own militia      

2. Antebellum Era & Progressive
Abolitionists – Fredrick Douglas, Abolitionist Society, The Grimke Sisters, Garrison/Civil Rights Groups – NAACP, DuBois, Booker T, Ida B Wells
Religion/Spirituality – Protestant Ethic continues with Temperance movement
Thoreau/Emerson/Love of Nature/Conversation/Environmentalism with Theodore Roosevelt
Education Reform Horace Mann and Dorothea Dix and Jane Addams/John Dewey, schools became mandatory and free
Women: Seneca Falls/Declaration of Sentiments and The Suffrage Movement
Potential thesis: Antebellum reforms paved the way for progressive era movement… antebellum reforms were early critiques of industrialization that came to fruition in the early 20th century.

3. 3rd Party Politics 1912: Republicans/Bull Moose/Democrats
Taft/Roosevelt/Wilson
People who usually voted republican were split between Taft and Roosevelt – voted for one or the other. Neither got ENOUGH of the votes, so it went to Wilson.
Taft was not considered “progressive enough” so Roosevelt created his own party.

4. Election of 1948 SO MANY OPTIONS!
Truman: 36% approval rating, not very popular
Governor Wallace/democrat/most like New Deal/used to be VP under FDR
Dewey/republican – thought he would totally WIN!
Storm Thurmond: Dixiecrat Democrat – won most of the southern vote.
Truman issued Executive Order 9981
Was considered a risky move by Harry Truman before the election of What this order did was fully racially integrated the U.S Armed Services – that’s why the south created their own “Southern State’s Rights party” – a huge split.
Truman's Foreign Policy
After World War II many Americans approved of Truman's foeign policy and it was important in winning the election of 1948.
Whistlestop Tour:
Was Harry Truman's tour around the United States in order to gain votes. Was very important in winning Harry Truman the election.
 Chicago Tribune
The newspaper that printed the famous "Dewey defeats Truman."

5. Dewey Being Complacent
Was important in securing a Truman win. Dewey was so sure he was going to win the election he did little in terms of campaigning, when Truman did the whistlestop tour.
Pennsylvania and New York
Were the two states with largest electoral vote. Truman would lose both states, but he won the election despite it. This is only the third time in history that this occured at that time.

7. Election of 1968 “Too many candidates” Wallace, Humphreys, Nixon
Democratic Party Split
RFK recently assassinated

8. 1820, 1833, 1850, K/Nebraska/Comp of 1877
1820: 11 slave states/11 free states – temporary balance
1833: Increased sectional tensions, the southern states don’t want to pay a high tariff that benefits the north, south Carolina threatens to succeed, sets a precedent for nullification.
1850: adds California as a free state but strengthens the Fugitive Slave law in the north which upset abolitionists
Kansas Nebraska Act says slavery is up to ‘popular sovereignty’ in these new territories – which contradicts the Missouri compromise (no slaves north of missouri) – Nebraska and parts of Kansas ARE north of Missouri – Douglas was willing to pass this Act to allow a railroad to go through Illinois, his home state. Led to bleeding kansas, violence in the polls, John Brown got extra upset and active.
Compromise of 1877 cut federal funding for Reconstruction so that Rutherford B Hayes could be elected. This led to southern states propagated Jim Crow laws, lynchings, an active KKK, no physical or economic support for former slaves, end of the Freedman’s Bureau, the north starts to concentrate on industrial issues in the north.