1. The Crusades in Context
CHW3M

2. EL Skip Knox, The Crusades, Boise State University, N.d.,
(Dec. 8, 2015)

3. EL Skip Knox, The Crusades, Boise State University, N.d.,
(Dec. 8, 2015)

4. Homework take up

5. Basic Facts A: When did they begin and end? B: How many were there?
C: Other than Muslims, who else was targeted by the Crusaders as heretics?
D: On the whole, were they militarily successful?

6. Crusades with Benefits
A: What did Europeans learn from Muslims?
B: How did merchants profit?
C: How did commerce develop as a result of the Crusades?

7. Crusades
Were the Crusades a reflection of change or stability (continuity)?
Which themes of the middle ages are reflected in the Crusades?

8. PSD Analysis

9. Contextualization of a PSD
When and where was the document created?
What was different then? What was the same?
***How might the circumstances in which the document was created affect its content?

10. Sourcing a PSD When and by whom was it created?
What was the author’s purpose in creating it?
What values and worldview does the author have?

11. Video Key Words – Remember it’s a very sacred society
Holy war = violence justified by religion
Sin = wrongdoing against God
Penance = punishment for sins
Salvation = being saved from sin (going to Heaven)
Heaven = where those without sin go after death
Hell = the opposite of Heaven
Infidel = insult used to describe non-believers

12. Video – Crusades – Pilgrims in Arms (Terry Jones of Monty Python)
Alexius asked _________ to help him _______________ the Turks.
The Pope was gaining ___________ and hoped to take over ________________.
How to kill in the name of God when Jesus said “turn the other cheek?”
It is only a _________ to kill Christians
It is OK to kill _______________
It is your ______________ to kill for God

13. What incentives (encouragements) were offered to Christian Crusaders?
They would be freed from penalties for ___ they’ve committed.
They can take their enemy’s _____________________
If you die while fighting, your sins will be _________________
How did Urban II use propaganda in his speech at Clermont?

14. Medicine
Read “Comparison of Islamic and European Medicine During the Middle Ages” and the two other handouts, including Ibn Sina’s PSD.
Which one sounds more advanced for its time, Islamic or European medicine?
If this is true, why did European Christians think of Muslims as “backwards”?

15. Lesson, con’t
Read “Medieval Sourcebook: Urban II Speech at Clermont” only up to [Another of those present…]
this is a primary source document (PSD) that gives an account of Pope Urban II’s call for a crusade to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims

16. PSD Vocabulary Franks = French and German peoples Discourse = speech
Exhortations = recommendations (urgings)
Grievous = terrible
Imminent peril = immediate danger
Ignominy = public shame

17. Close Reading of a PSD What claims does the author make?
What evidence does he use?
What language does the author use to persuade the audience?
Words, phrases, images, symbols
How does the language indicate the author’s perspective?

18. Activity (work as a group but write your own)
Fill in the chart below.
Urban II’s Bias (pro and con)
Christians are …
Muslims are …

19. Activity, con’t
2. Use the 4 excerpts at your table to help you contextualize the document.
Answer:
3. Is Urban’s speech valuable to historians even though it is heavily biased?
4. Would it be better if you put Urban’s speech side by side with Ibn Sina’s ‘On Medicine’? Why or why not?

20. Homework Take notes on the Black Death, 563-568 using these headings:
Why Europe was vulnerable
Timing and spread of the plague
Symptoms and death
Effects:
General
Social
Economic
HW needed for entry to class tomorrow.