1. A substance dissolved in another substance
Solution
A substance dissolved in another substance

2. Solution is... A homogenous... Mixture of two or more substances +
(evenly mixed)
Mixture of two or more substances +
NaCl
H2O
Salt Water
It is a physical change …NOT a chemical change.

3. Solution
All solutions consist of 2 parts:
Solute
Solvent

4. Solute The substance being dissolved
The substance present in the least amount

5. Solvent The substance doing the dissolving
The substance present in the most amount

6. Must a solution be liquid?

7. No… Air is a solution Sterling silver is a solution. It can be a gas.
It can be a solid.

8. Types of Liquid Solutions
Aqueous
A solution with water as the solvent
Tincture
A solution with alcohol as the solvent

9. Therefore, oil is INSOLUBLE in water.
When a substance cannot be dissolved in a solvent... + =
don't mix
Oil
water
Therefore, oil is INSOLUBLE in water.

10. Solubility How much can be dissolved in ?
A measure of how much a solute can be dissolved in a solvent under certain conditions
How much
can be dissolved in ?

11. Limits of Solubility
Unsaturated … more solute can be added to the solvent
Saturated … the point that no more solute can be added to the solvent or it will be ---
Supersaturated …more solute than the solvent can handle.

12. Solubility Graphs saturated
More solute then it can hold (at a given temperature)
saturated
Hold all that it can possible hold (at a given temperature) - concentrated
Contain less solute than it can hold (at a given temperature) - diluted

13. NaCl (salt) in to Na+ + Cl-
Ionization
The formation of ions by the action of a solvent in solution
NaCl (salt) in to Na+ + Cl-
in water
Ions are formed (+ or -).

14. Dissociation Solution Solution
Is the process of separating ions during the formation of of a solution … the more it dissociates, the stronger it is...
Strong Base
Weak Base
H2O
Na+
OH-
Na+
NH4+
NH4+
Solution
Solution
H2O
NH3
Na+
Na+
OH-
OH-
NH3
OH-
OH-
OH-
NaOH Na+ + OH-
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

15. Solution Concentration
Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
Diluted (less)
Concentrated (more)
100 g.
5 g
5 grams of salt in 100 grams of water
dilute
35 g VS
100 g.
35 grams of salt in 100 grams of water concentrated

16. Electrolytes
Na+
Cl-
Because dissolved salts have positive and negative ions, they are electrolyte solutions and conduct electricity.

17. Effervescence
The escape of a gas from a liquid solution

18. Water

19. Common Solvent Water is the most common substance on earth.
It makes up 70% of the earth’s surface.
65% of your body mass is composed of water.

20. Polar Molecule - Water is a polar molecule. +
This is because the position of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms form charges at opposite ends.
This positioning is why one side of a water molecule is slightly negative and the other is slightly positive.

21. Water and vinegar mix, however oil and water do not mix.
Polar Molecule - +
The charged ends of a polar solvent can separate the charged ends of a polar solute.
As a general rule: Like Dissolves Like
Think about it…
Water and vinegar mix, however oil and water do not mix.
Is vinegar polar or non-polar?
Is oil polar or non-polar?