1. Creating Orbital Diagrams
Visual of an atom to show numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons
An atom is stable when its outer most orbital is full
Becoming stable is the reason why bonds form between elements
Gain e- or lose e- to be stable

2. Creating Orbital Diagrams
Rules for orbitals:
1st orbital = at most 2 electrons
2nd orbital = at most 8 electrons
3rd orbital = at most 8 electrons
4th orbital = at most 18 electrons
4th
3rd
2nd
1st

3. Creating Orbital Diagrams
Steps for making Orbital Diagrams:
Find element on Periodic Table
Determine number of P, N, & e-
How many orbitals needed based on the number of e- ?
Draw the nucleus
Write the number of P and N inside of the nucleus.
Draw the orbitals
Fill in the e- using the rules for orbitals
Determine if stable or unstable
# P
# N

4. Creating Orbital Diagrams
Example of how to create an orbital diagram.
- HYDROGEN - H
Protons = 1
Neutrons = 0
Electrons = 1
Orbitals needed =1st only
Is a Hydrogen atom Stable?
NO, because the outer orbital is NOT full
Needs 1 electron to become stable
1 P
0 N

5. Creating Orbital Diagrams
Example of how to create an orbital diagram.
- CARBON - C
Protons =
Neutrons =
Electrons =
Orbitals needed =
Is a Carbon atom Stable?
NO, because the outer orbital is NOT full
Needs to gain 4 e- to become stable P N

6. Example: Example of how to create an orbital diagram. - NITROGEN -
Protons =
Neutrons =
Electrons =
Orbitals needed =
Is a Nitrogen atom Stable?
NO, because the outer orbital is NOT full
Needs to gain 3 e- to become stable P N

7. Orbital Assignments 1- 2, 7, 8, 10 7- 3, 7, 8, 10 2- 3, 5, 7, 9
Write down the assigned number given (1-12)
Using the directions on the sheet given, complete the orbital diagrams project for your elements (atomic #s)
Use pipe cleaners, string, pom-pom balls, etc. to create your diagrams
Your #
Atomic Numbers
Your #
Atomic Numbers
1- 2, 7, 8, 10
7- 3, 7, 8, 10
2- 3, 5, 7, 9
8- 2, 5, 7, 8
3- 1, 4, 10, 12
9- 4, 5, 6, 10
4- 2, 6, 9, 11
10- 1, 4, 6, 10
5- 4, 6, 8, 10
11- 2, 3, 8, 13
6- 2, 3, 7, 11
12- 3, 5, 9, 12