1. CHARISMATIC AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

2. What is Charisma?

3. Are charismatic leader good leaders?

4. Charismatic Leader
Charismatic leaders are associated with high levels of satisfaction and performance among followers.
Charismatic leadership tends to have an ideological component, therefore, charismatic leaders tend to arise in times of crisis.
Charismatic leaders may become a liability once the crisis passes.
Reactions to charismatic leaders tend to be polarized (people either love them or hate them).
Charismatic does not imply “good” -- Adolph Hitler, Charles Manson, other cult leaders could be considered charismatic leaders.

5. Charismatic Characteristics
Visionary
Superb communication skills
Self-confidence and moral conviction
Ability to inspire
High risk orientation
Visionary - The ability to imagine different and better conditions and the ways to achieve them. Future oriented. Can articulate an idealized vision of future that is significantly better than present. Formulate vision by synthesizing seemingly disparate issues, values, and problems from many sources of the organization or work unit. Passionate.
Communication Skills - Can communicate complex ideas and goals in clear, compelling ways so everyone at all levels understand and identify with. Extensively use metaphors, analogies, and stories rather than abstract rational discourse. Tailor language to audience.
Self-confidence - Build trust through unshakable self-confidence, strong moral conviction, and sacrifice.
Inspire trust - Constituents believe so strongly in integrity of charismatic leaders that they will risk their careers to pursue the leader’s vision. Leaders build support and trust by showing commitment to followers’ needs over self-interests.
High risk - Willing to incur great personal risk. Putting themselves on the line affirms self-advocacy for their vision and thus gains admiration and respect of followers.

6. Charismatic Characteristics
High energy, action oriented
Relational power base
Minimum internal conflict
Empowering others
Self-promoting personality
High energy - Serve as role models for getting things done on time. Energy & enthusiasm attract others. Tend to be emotionally expressive especially non-verbally e.g. gestures, movement, tone of voice, eye contact, and facial expressions.
Relational power base - Key dimension of this leadership involves relationship or interaction between leader & followers. Intensely relational and based almost entirely upon referent and expert power.
Minimum internal conflict - Convinced they are right in their visions and strategies, which explains why they persist and stay the course, even through setbacks.
Empowering others - Understand they cannot make vision come true alone. Empower followers by building their self-efficacy. Do this by assigning followers tasks that lead to successively greater positive experiences and heighten-self-confidence.
Self-promoting personality - Frequently out promoting themselves and vision.

7. Important Leader Behaviors of Charismatic Leaders
Makes inspirational
speeches
Advocates moral
mission and
vision
Builds own image
in followers’ eyes
Important Leader
Behaviors of
Charismatic Leaders
Takes risks to
achieve mission
Uses frame
alignment to
guide followers
Role models behavior
for followers with
high expectations &
confidence
© Prentice Hall 2006
8-4

8. The effect of charismatic leadership
Follower trust in the rightness of the leader’s vision
Similarity of follower’s beliefs and values to those of the leader
Heightened sense of self-confidence to contribute to accomplishment of the mission
Acceptance of higher or challenging goals
Identification with and emulation of the leader
Unconditional acceptance of the leader
Strong affection for the leader
Emotional involvement of the follower in the mission
Unquestioning loyalty and obedience to the leader

9. Characteristics of charismatic leadership
Possess a vision (have the ability to articulate the vision and hold strong convictions about the vision
Superb communication skills
Are self-confident
Ability to inspire trust
High risk orientation (Are perceived as being change agents )
High energy and action orientation
Relational power base ((Exhibit behavior that is out of the ordinary
Minimum internal conflict
Ability to empower others Self-promoting personality

10. Developing charismatic Qualities
Through practice and self-discipline
You can practice being candidate
You can develop a warm, positive and humanistic attitude towards people
You can develop an enthusiastic, optimistic and energy person

11. Positive and negative of charismatic Leader
Socialized Charismatic leader (SCL) – Positive
One who possess a egalitarian, self-transcendent and empowering personality
Personalized Charismatic leader (PCL) – Negative
One who possess a dominant, Machiavellian, and narcissistic personality

12. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
The term was first coined by Downton (1973)
Focuses on a leader’s transforming abilities
Are known for moving and changing things `in a big way’ by communicating the followers a special vision of the future, taping into followers higher ideals and motives.
Serves to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new organization could be.
Transformational Leadership builds upon the concept of charismatic leadership who also:
are charismatic.
are inspirational.
are intellectually stimulating.
consider the concerns and developmental needs of each person individually

13. What Are the Common Characteristics of Charismatic and Transformational Leadership?
Vision - both are inherently future orientation
Rhetorical Skills
Image and Trust building
Personalized leadership - share strong personal bonds with the followers

14. Transformational Leader Behavior and Attributes
See themselves as change agents
Are visionaries who have a high level of trust for their intuition
Are risk-takers, but not reckless
Are capable of articulating a set of core values that trend to guide their own behavior
Possess exceptional cognitive skills and believe in careful deliberation before taking action
Belief in people and show sensitivity to their needs
Are flexible and open to learning from experience

15. Transformational Leader Behavior and Attributes
Creation and Articulation of vision
Role model
Fostering a `buy in’ of team goals
High performance expectations
Personalized leader-Member exchange
Empowerment

16. Transformational Leader versus Transactional Leadership
Transactional leadership seeks to maintain stability rather than promoting change within an organization through regular economic and social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both the leaders and their followers

17. The Transformational Process
Stages
Make a compelling case for change
Inspire a shared Vision
Lead the transition
4. Implant the change

18. Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership
Transactional leadership seeks to maintain stability rather than promoting change within an organization through regular economic & social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both leaders and their followers.
Transactional leaders go into specific contractual arrangements with followers. In exchange for meeting specified objectives or performing certain duties, the leader provides benefits that satisfy the followers’ needs and desires. Example- monthly bonuses to sales people.
Transactional leadership tends to be transitory in that once a transaction is completed, the relationship between parties may end or be redefined.
Transformational leaders inspire followers to go beyond their own self-interest for the good of the group.