1. Mechanisms of action of interferon and nucleoside analogues
Howard Thomas, Graham Foster, Dimitris Platis 
Journal of Hepatology 
Volume 39, Pages (January 2003)
DOI: /S (03)

2. Fig. 1
Initial binding steps of interferon α/β to the receptor. The interferon ligand is presumed to bind to IFNAR2 first and then to IFNAR1, which stabilises the complex. There is no direct evidence for this model, however, it is a logical hypothesis based on the calculated binding constants for each receptor component. While IFNAR2 binds interferon with moderate affinity (KD⊇2–10 nM for interferon alpha-2), the intrinsic affinity of IFNAR1 is low (KD>100 nM), stabilizing the complex by approximately 10–20-fold. Taken from
Journal of Hepatology  , 93-98DOI: ( /S (03) )

3. Fig. 2
Interferon α/β JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Multiple interactions among the JAKs and STATs are responsible for a variety of signalling responses, with possible positive or negative regulatory roles on the transcriptional activation of ISGs. Taken from
Journal of Hepatology  , 93-98DOI: ( /S (03) )

4. Fig. 3
Time course of immune response. Interferons are the first line of defence against viral infections. They act very rapidly within hours or a few days after infection against a variety of viruses.
Journal of Hepatology  , 93-98DOI: ( /S (03) )

5. Fig. 4
Interferon ‘priming’. Interferons are produced in response to a viral infection and spread to the nearby cells where they activate ISGs, which are responsible for the establishment of an ‘antiviral state’ by preventing viral replication and also alert the immune system.
Journal of Hepatology  , 93-98DOI: ( /S (03) )

6. Journal of Hepatology 2003 39, 93-98DOI: (10
Journal of Hepatology  , 93-98DOI: ( /S (03) )

7. Journal of Hepatology 2003 39, 93-98DOI: (10
Journal of Hepatology  , 93-98DOI: ( /S (03) )