1. You need to know how these form:
Sub Topic Key Question: To be able to explain how different rock types and geological structures form different landforms
You need to know how these form:
Scarp and Vale Topography
Plateau
Ridges, uplands and fault scarps
Key Question: How do scarp and vale landscapes form?
Key Words:
Scarp and Vale Topography
Scarp Slope
Dip Slope

2. This is the South Downs Escarpment
This is the South Downs Escarpment. What questions could you ask about this landscape?

3. ….it is a scarp and vale landscape

4. Where is the South Downs Escarpment?
Map copyright Ordnance Survey
The area referred to in this presentation is here

5. Physical features of the scarp and vale
first on the photo……. 2
Escarpment
Dip Slope 4 1. 3
Vale
Scarp Slope 5
Spring Line 6
THINK: What rock might underly the escarpment and the vale?

6. Vale Spring Line Scarp Less resistant clay nearly horizontal
More resistant chalk & dipping
The first group to be able to explain the spring line gets a PRIZE!!!! Think Carefully!

7. Formation of scarp and vale landscapes
There are two requirements before an escarpment can be formed:
Alternate outcrops of chalk and clay
Beds of rock dip at an angle to the ground (tiled due to Earth movements)

8. Is surface drainage present or absent? Why?
…and then on the map
The Scarp Slope
Look at the contours and
describe the relief
The Dip Slope
Look at the contours and
describe the relief
Is surface drainage present or absent? Why?

9. Physical Features on O.S. Map
Clay Vale
Springs
Scarp slope
Dip slope
Escarpment
Dry Valleys
Map copyright Ordnance Survey

10. Block diagram…physical features
Label your sketch with the main features of scarp and vale landscapes.

11. Block diagram…physical features
River gap
Dip Slope
Spring line
Escarpment
Vale
Scarp slope
Porous chalk
Impermeable clay

12. …other interesting features of scarp and vale
look at the contours and
describe the relief
remember to refer to
altitude and gradient
is surface drainage
present or absent? Why?
Map copyright Ordnance Survey
what is happening here?
..and here?

13. One of the springs

14. Another feature of the escarpment…
Is photographed from here
Map copyright Ordnance Survey

15. What is this feature? When and how were features like this created?
‘V’ shaped profile
..but no evidence of a stream
It’s the dry valley called Devil’s Dyke

16. Scarp and Vale Topography
………………….. and dip slopes are geological features found on large ……………………….. such as the South Downs where one side is ……………. and irregular (………. slope) and the other side (……….. slope) is generally flatter and tilts at a continuous angle. The ……………………….. is where the water from the downs comes out. It is found at junction between permeable…………… above and impermeable…… below.
Scarp
ridges
steep
scarp
dip
spring line
chalk
clay
Words: clay / spring line / dip / ridges /
steep / scarp x2 / chalk

17. Plenary Sketch diagrams A and B from Figure 3 (p. 34).
Describe the formation of a chalk escarpment and clay vale.

19. 2 4 3 1 5 6 2 4 3 1 5 6 Labels: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5-6 = Labels: 1 = 2 =