1. The Nervous System
Chapter 10

2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Nervous System

3. Divisions of Nervous System
Central nervous system – includes brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves
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4. Divisions of Nervous System

5. The Neurons Basic cells of nervous system
Carry nerve impulses throughout body
Afferent neurons
Connecting neurons
Efferent neurons
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6. The Neurons

7. Brain Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
encephal/o

8. Major Parts of the Brain
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem
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9. Major Parts of the Brain

10. Cerebrum Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portion of brain
divided into right and left hemispheres
hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of cerebral lobes

11. Cerebral Hemispheres

12. Cerebral Lobes Cerebral lobes
frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions, memory, behavior
pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tongue, skin, muscles
occipital lobe: controls eyesight
temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, and ability to create, store, and access new information

13. Cerebral Lobes

14. Spinal Cord Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
myel/o
Note: Myel/o also means bone marrow.

15. Nerves Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Receive and transmit messages to and from all parts of the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
neur/i, neur/o

16. Cranial Nerves

17. Peripheral Spinal Nerves

18. Autonomic Nerves System

19. Sensory Organs and Receptors
Primary Functions
Receive external stimulation and transmit these stimuli to the sensory neurons
Eyes (sight)
Ears (hearing)
Nose (smell)
Skin (touch)
Tongue (taste)

20. Key Word Parts and Definitions
caus/o
burning, burn
cerebr/o
cerebrum, brain
concuss/o
shaken together, violently agitated
contus/o
bruise
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21. Key Word Parts and Definitions
encephal/o
brain
-esthesia
sensation, feeling
esthet/o
feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
-graphy
the process of producing a picture or record
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22. Key Word Parts and Definitions
mening/o
membranes, meninges
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
neur/i, neur/o
nerve, nerve tissue
phobia
abnormal fear
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23. Key Word Parts and Definitions
psych/o
mind
radicul/o
root or nerve root
tropic
having an affinity for

24. Questions

25. Question
The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the front of the brain.
True or False?

26. Answer
False. The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the base of the spine.

27. Question
The human brain is 80%–85% water.
True or False?

28. Answer
True

29. Question
How much of the oxygen used by the human body is utilized by the brain?
over 10%
over 25%
over 50%

30. Answer
b. Over 25%

31. Question
The human body transmits nerve impulses at about 300 feet a second.
True or False?

32. Answer
True