1. Organization of the Human Body

4. Body Planes
Transverse
Coronal/Frontal
Saggital/mid-Saggital

7. Body cavities Dorsal Cavity Cavities filled with visceral organs
Cranial cavity—contains the brain
Spinal cavity-contains the spinal cord
Cavities filled with visceral organs
Ventral cavity
Thoracic cavity-contains the lung and the heart
Abdominal cavity—contains the spleen, liver, stomach, small and large intestine.
Pelvic cavity-contains the large intestine, the bladder.

8. Pleural cavity Cover the two lungs individually Complications?
“collapsed lung”
Air gets between the pleura and the lung.

9. Pneumothorax: Collapsed Lung

10. Pericardial cavity Outer covering of the heart
Similar complications as with the lungs

11. Cardiac Tamponade
compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

13. Using anatomical directional terms we have learned, what part of the camel is this person sitting on?
The dorsal side and/or the superior side.
How is this different from humans?
The “back” in humans is posterior and dorsal.
Finally, can you tell me where this picture was taken (City AND Country)?
Petra in the country of Jordan.

14. Characteristics of Life
Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Excretion
Together these constitute metabolism: Vital signs

15. L3

16. L3

17. Medical Diagnostic Imaging Tests

18. Medical Diagnostic Imaging Tests
Tests that will help a healthcare practitioner identify a disease or disorder.

19. Half of all imaging is the X-ray.
Uses radiation.
Allows you to see
bony and dense structures.
Positives/Negatives?
Excellent for bones/fractures/ cheap/common.
Excessive Radiation exposure has negative health effects.

20. CT scan
Computed tomography
Refined X-ray
Eliminates exploratory surgery
Positives/Negatives?
Good choice for skull fractures—blood is easily visible.
More radiation than a typical X-ray.

21. MRI -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positives/Negatives
excellent view of soft tissues
(bones don't get in the way).
Risks: Metal and STRONG
magnetic fields.

22. Ultrasound Positives/Negatives inexpensive, safe, uses high-frequency
sound waves.
Not good for bone and air.

23. PET Scan PET--positron emission tomography
helps in observing metabolic
processes.
Glucose labeled radioisotopes
show up in color.
Shows brain activity.

24. Case Study:
18 yo male who presents with pain in the ankle and leg.
He has used an air splint from his first aid kit to immobilize his right lower leg.
He had been attempting to kick a football and missed, falling on his right leg.
You are the Physician’s Assistant treating the patient. The patient says that he heard that X-rays have a lot of radiation and that they are “bad.” What is your response?

25. Source: http://www.npcentral.net/xray/cases/extremity/0001/

26. The Eleven Systems of
the Human Body

27. Integumentary System
the skin
Purpose: waterproofing (homeostasis), cushions, protects
Name the specialist associated with this system.

28. Integumentary System
the skin
Purpose: waterproofing (homeostasis), cushions, protects
Dermatologist would
treat skin cancer-
Melanoma.
How would they initially examine this system?

29. Skeletal System—
bones
cartilages
ligaments
joints.
Purpose: protects and supports
body organs
Name the specialist associated
with this system.

30. Skeletal System—
bones
cartilages
ligaments
joints.
Purpose: protects and supports
body organs
Orthopedist- treats broken bones
Replaces joints.
How would they initially
examine this system?

31. Skeletal System—
bones
cartilages
ligaments
joints.
Purpose: protects and supports
body organs
Orthopedist- treats broken bones
Replaces joints.
Are teeth a part of the skeletal
System? Why or why not?

32. Muscular System
Deltoid
Biceps
Triceps
Purpose: movement, produces
Heat.
Evan Centopani, Trumbull CT
Name the specialist associated
with this system.

33. Muscular System
Deltoid
Biceps
Triceps
Purpose: movement, produces
Heat.
Evan Centopani, Trumbull CT
General Physician (GP)
How would they initially
examine this system?

34. Nervous System
Brain and nerves
Fast acting control center
Controls muscles and glands
Name the specialist
associated with this system.

35. Nervous System
Brain and nerves
Fast acting control center
Controls muscles and glands
Neurologist—concussion,
migraines, tumors,
Psychiatrist—amnesia
How would they initially
examine this system?

36. Endocrine system
—secrete hormones to regulate processes
such as metabolism, growth,
nutrient regulation.
Hormone (very basic definition)—a chemical
released in one part of the body that affects
cells in another part of the body.
Name the specialist associated with
this system.

37. How would they initially examine this system?
Endocrine system
—secrete hormones to regulate processes
such as metabolism, growth,
nutrient regulation.
Hormone (very basic definition)—a chemical
released in one part of the body that affects
cells in another part of the body.
Endocrinologist deals with
thyroid disease,
Cushings disease/syndrome,
diabetes.
How would they initially
examine this system?

38. Cardiovascular system
Transports blood, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients and wastes.
The heart is a pump.
Name the specialist associated
with this system.

39. Cardiologist--Hypertension, Arrythmia, Myocardial Infarction
Cardiovascular system
Transports blood, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients and wastes.
The heart is a pump.
Cardiologist--Hypertension,
Arrythmia,
Myocardial Infarction
(heart attack)
How would they initially
examine this system?

40. Lymphatic System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood
Vessels and returns it to blood.
Houses WBC involved in immunity.
Name the specialist associated
with this system.

41. Lymphatic System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood
Vessels and returns it to blood.
Houses WBC involved in immunity.
Oncologist—cancer, lymphoma
Leukemia.
Hematologist—anemia, hemophilia
How would they initially
examine this system?

42. Respiratory sytem
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen.
Removes carbon dioxide.
Name the specialist associated with
this system.

43. Respiratory sytem
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen.
Removes carbon dioxide.
Pulmonologist—asthma, pneumonia
(infection in the lungs), lung cancer.
How would they initially
examine this system?

44. Digestive System
Breaks food down so body can absorb it.
Elimates indigestable foodstuff
eliminated as feces.
Name the specialist associated with
this system.

45. Digestive System
Breaks food down so body can absorb it.
Elimates indigestable foodstuff
eliminated as feces.
Gastroenterologist diverticulitis, stomach
ulcers, liver disease.
How would they initially
examine this system?

46. Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
From the body.
Regulates water, electrolytes
and acid-base balance.
Name the specialist associated
with this system.

47. Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
From the body.
Regulates water, electrolytes
and acid-base balance.
Urologist—kidney stones,
Prostate disease, etc.
How would they initially
examine this system?

48. Reproductive System
Testis produce
sperm
Ovaries produce
eggs.
Both produce
Sex hormones.
Name the specialists associated with these systems.

49. Reproductive System
Testis produce
sperm
Ovaries produce
eggs.
Both produce
Sex hormones.
Gynecologist and Obstetrician Urologist
Pap smear prostate
Urinary tract infection (UTI) kidney
Pregnancy
How would they initially
examine this system?

50. Podiatrist and Pediatrician