1. Achala Dahal/Tara Prasad Kharel
Integrity and Ethics
Professional Course on Management and Development
Achala Dahal/Tara Prasad Kharel

2. Presentation outline Concept and foundation of integrity and ethics,
Public sector integrity and ethics
Factors affecting integrity and ethical behaviour
Integrity leader/builder
Action plan

3. A thought…….
12/5/2018

4. Public officials are expected to make decisions and act solely in the public interest - not allowing decisions or actions to be influenced by personal or private interests.
Public institutions have to deliver public service efficiently and effectively to build public trust.

5. Using powers responsibly, for the purpose and in the manner for which they are intended.
Acting with honesty and transparency, making reasoned decisions without bias by following fair and objective processes.
Preventing and addressing improper conduct, disclosing facts without hiding or distorting them.

6. Building trust through the provision of services that are of high quality.
Responsiveness, accountability, honesty, loyalty and fairness are vital to gain public trust.

7. Lets find out what integrity is ?

8. Integrity
The word "integrity" stems from the Latin adjective ‘integer’ means whole, complete.
… is the inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from qualities such as honesty and consistency of character.
… is a concept of ‘consistency’ of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes.
… is knowing right things to do and doing the right things.
… is being true to oneself, i.e. acting according to own-self.

9. Let us define integrity
Work in group
Present your thoughts in picture/ diagram/symbol to explain what does integrity mean to you as an individual and at your workspace.
Each group have 10 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to present.

10. Public sector ethics and integrity
Public ethics refers to the collection of values and norms, moral standards or principles that form the foundation of integrity.
Civil servant integrity
Commitment to work
Competency and ethical character
Transparency, trust and trustworthiness
Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. (Integrity Action, 2016).

11. Public sector ethics and integrity: critical aspects
Publicness in public service
Capacity of public sector
Healthy governance
Effective prevention
Sharp detection
Robust prosecution and recovery
Culture of integrity in public service
Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment
Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

12. Integrity Integrity is the alignment of four factors: Accountability
Competence
Ethical Behaviour
Corruption

13. Let’s work on factors… Work in group
one factor for one group
Each group have ten minutes for discussion and five minutes for presentation in the plenary

14. Accountability Competence Ethical behaviour
Transparency
Access to information
Consistency
Social responsibility
Clarity
Open to stakeholders
Professionalism
Quality
Effectiveness
Reliability
Responsiveness
Stewardship
Trustworthy
Fairness
Honesty
Lawfulness
Anti-corruption
Social justice
Respecting rights
Confidentiality
Without corruption ( Bribes, Patronage, Greed, Theft, Plagiarism, Exploitation, Manipulation)
(with corruption control)
- Integrity Action

15. National Integrity System
Foundations: Politics, Society, Economy, and Culture
The Nepali politics is service to the nation and the people.
The values of Nepali society also aim at purity in character of public officials in their public life.

16. Cont …
Nepali values of the economy particularly land, labour, capital, enterprise emphasizes fairness and stands against cheating.
The culture of Nepal has been specially oriented towards truthfulness, honesty and integrity.
Thus, all four foundations of NIS, in Nepal, possess values that stand against corruption and abuse of authority.

17. Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical behaviour
Employee as an Individual
Internal/ Organizational
External Environment
Family Influences
Policies, Code of conduct
Government regulations
Religious / Cultural values
Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates
Norms and values of politics – political behaviour
Personal standards, and needs
Organisational culture
Ethical climate of society- social values and norms
My Choice
How does religion affect – example rebirth
Ethical Behaviour

18. Ethical Decision Making
An ethical dilemma is one in which a person has to choose between two options, both of which are morally correct but in conflict.
Ethical Dilemma_(360p).mp4

19. Ethical Framework for Decision Making
Five Sources of Ethical Standards for Decision Making
The Utilitarian Approach
The ethical action is the one that will produce the greatest balance of benefits over harms.
The Rights Approach The ethical action is the one that most dutifully respects the rights of all affected.
The Fairness or Justice Approach The ethical action is the one that treats people equally, or if unequally, that treats people proportionately and fairly.
The Common Good Approach The ethical action is the one that contributes most to the achievement of a quality common life together.
Virtue Approach
The ethical action is the one that embodies the habits and values of humans at their best.

20. The utilitarian approach
Which option will produce the most good and do the least harm?
The rights approach
Which option best respects the rights of all stakeholders?
The fairness or justice approach
Which option treats people equally or proportionately?
The common good approach
Which option best serves the community as a whole, not just some members?
The virtue approach
Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I want to be?

21. Video
हरेक व्यक्तिले सार्वजानिक क्षेत्रमा सदाचारलाई आ- आफ्नो तारिकाले बुझ्छन् र विष्लेशण पनि गर्छन् ।
Integrity Idol Nepal Journey Video - YouTube.MP4
Integrity Idol Nepal, 2017 Finalist Shesh Narayan Poudel.mp4

22. Ethical vs unethical behaviour
Group work: Video Case
Watch the video case and discuss:
Your group’s opinion regarding ethical and unethical behaviour in the video?
Did you find any ethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver?
Did you find any unethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver?
Make notes and be prepared to share findings.
Time 15 mins for discussion continued with presentation

23. Ethics and ethical behaviour
A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct.
Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others.
A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice.

24. A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society.
Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust.
Ethical behavior is the standards that you hold for yourself of the attributes of honesty, responsibility, and how you treat others in all facets of your life.

25. Creating strategies to promote integrity
Group work: Designing strategy
Work in 4 groups and use Activity Sheet.
Discuss and work to:
Design strategies to promote integrity and ethical behaviour amongst civil servants to improve the public services.
Prepare notes on paper, and be prepared to share the findings.

26. Key learning points
Capacity enhancement of public institutions—physical, resource base, human resource, role clarity etc.
Compliance to rule of law: strong regulative and legal enforcement mechanisms,
Promotion of ethical culture: norms, values and standards are set,
Development of good personal behaviour— attitudinal (intention) change

27. Key Learning points
Citizens are entitled to receive public services and have rights to hold civil servants accountable.
Civil servants need to understand work culture, values and maintain integrity better service delivery.
The human cost of unaccountable governance is manifolds higher (especially to WPEs) than the economic cost.
A single person can make the difference if he/she holds him/herself with integrity.

28. How to solve the integrity problem ?

29. Integrity Leader
Think of an ideal person who you find with high integrity. Why?
Please share some of his/her characteristics.

30. Integrity Leader
 Integrity leader is the concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. It connotes a deep commitment to do the right thing for the right reason, regardless of the circumstances.
Integrity leader is necessary condition for Integrity Building but we need something more.

31. Integrity builder is someone who build on -
Establishing culture beyond compliance in an organisation.
Building a culture of high ethical standards that are reflected in day- to-day practice.
Constructing culture based on ethical behaviour.

32. Core Characteristics of Toxic Leader
1. Commitment to public interest
1. Commitment to public interest
2. Incorruptibility
2. Incorruptibility
4. Experimentation
3. Consistency of goal
6. Institutional intelligence
5. Competence

33. Core Characteristics of Popular and Self-serving Leader
1. Commitment to public interest
1. Commitment to public interest
2. Incorruptibility
2. Incorruptibility
4. Experimentation
3. Consistency of goal
6. Institutional intelligence
5. Competence

34. Core Characteristics of Integrity Builder
1. Commitment to public interest
2. Incorruptibility
4. Experimentation
3. Consistency of goal
6. Institutional intelligence
5. Competence

35. Integrity building: compliance v/s integrity
When going on the journey of integrity leader has to choose various approaches
Based on compliance (reactive and proactive)
Based on integrity building (reactive and proactive)

36. Compliance Approach
 A Compliance Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: • Rules-based • Focused mainly on the application and enforcement of rules and procedures • Adversarial: naming, shaming, litigation • Problem-focused • Less Discretion

37. Integrity Approach:
 The Integrity Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being:
Values-based
Aware of discrepancies between policies, rules and laws, and actual implementation of them
Collaboration-focused to get violators to fix the problems by working with integrity, using conflict resolution methods, especially alternative dispute resolution methods .
Solution-focused
More discretion.

38. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups.
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

39. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

40. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Business Collective Action
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

41. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Business Collective Action
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

42. Integrity vs Compliance
Reactive Proactive
Compliance training
Integrity testing
Zero tolerance policy
Code of Conduct
Supplier “white lists”
Rewards to whistle-blowers
Integrity Pact
Medium return, Medium risk
Community Integrity Building
Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight
Integrity as competitive differentiator
Holistic/step change
High return, High risk
Whistle-blower hotline
Whistle-blower protection
Supplier “black lists”
Low return, Low risk
Ethics advice center
Ethics officer
Code of Ethics
Compliance-plus ethics
Low return, Low risk
The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups.
Compliance Integrity
Adopted from Integrity Action

43. No single way or quadrants is enough.
But everyone base their action based on one way and move to and fro.
Integrity leader based their efforts being on reactive compliance to proactive integrity and Integrity builder based their approach based on proactive integrity and use reactive compliance as on means when necessary.

44. Action Plan for Integrity BuildingSN
What
When
Who (you and others)
Resources
Critical success factors (Risks) HR
Finance
Others
12/5/2018

45. Tips for Building Integrity
Do what you say
Take responsibility
Take care of yourself
Think of the big picture
Respect others
Check the mirror
Be consistent for what is right and wrong

46. Thank you