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Review Chapters Pedigree, genetic disorders and genetic engineering

2. Environment and genetics
Sex-linked
Pedigree
Genetic Disorders
Environment and genetics
Genetic Engineering
Miscellaneous
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3. What is a sex-lined trait? Give examples of two diseases.
Theme 1 Prompt 100 Points
What is a sex-lined trait? Give examples of two diseases.

4. hemophilia or colorblindness.
Theme 1 Response 100 Points
Sex-linked trait is a trait whose gene in on the sex chromosome (X or Y chromosome). Examples of sex-linked trait are
hemophilia or colorblindness.

5. What is hemophilia? What are its symptoms?
Theme 1 Prompt 200 Points
What is hemophilia? What are its symptoms?

6. Theme 1 Response 200 Points
Hemophilia is a blood disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. The sick person can easily bruise, and even bleed to death.

7. What is colorblindness?
Theme 1 Prompt 300 Points
What is colorblindness?

8. Theme 1 Response 300 Points
Colorblindness is a genetic disease in which a person can’t see specific colors.

9. What is a pedigree? What is its purpose?
Theme 1 Prompt 400 Points
What is a pedigree? What is its purpose?

10. Theme 1 Response 400 Points
Pedigree is a chart showing inheritance of certain traits over several generations. Pedigree’s purpose is to study the traits of past generations in order to predicts the traits of future offspring.

11. Theme 1 Prompt 500 Points
What is a carrier?

12. Theme 1 Response 500 Points
A carrier is a healthy person who carries a recessive gene for a disease. They can pass the recessive gene to an offspring. If a child is sick, it means both parents are carrier for the disease.

13. What are inherited diseases?
Theme 2 Prompt 100 Points
What are inherited diseases?

14. Theme 2 Response 100 Points
Inherited diseases are diseases that are caused by faulty genes and can be passed (inherited) from parents to their offspring.

15. What is Huntington’s disease?
Theme 2 Prompt 200 Points
What is Huntington’s disease?

16. Theme 2 Response 200 Points
Huntington’s disease is caused by dominant gene. Brain cells don’t work properly in these sick people. The symptoms include the loss of muscle control, mental illness and death at the earlier age than the average.

17. What is sickle-cell anemia?
Theme 2 Prompt 300 Points
What is sickle-cell anemia?

18. Theme 2 Response 300 Points
Sickle-cell anemia is a disorder caused by two recessive alleles. The anemic person has sickle cells, and they are easily trapped in blood vessels. They clog blood vessels blocking them. Because of that, it cause pain and even death.

19. What is PKU? What is the full name for PKU?
Theme 2 Prompt 400 Points
What is PKU? What is the full name for PKU?

20. Theme 2 Response 400 Points
PKU- is phenylkentonuria caused by two recessive genes. People with PKU can’t break down protein, specifically amino acid called phenylalanine. These people can’t eat a protein-rich food like meat, cheese, eggs, milk. If they don’t change their diet, the protein can built up in the body and cause brain damage and mental disability.

21. What is Tay-Sachs disease?
Theme 2 Prompt 500 Points
What is Tay-Sachs disease?

22. Theme 2 Response 500 Points
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by two recessive alleles, and is mainly in Jewish children. These children can’t break down fat; therefore, the fat built up in the brain cells causing brain damage and death (before 4th birthday).

23. What is mutation? What are mutagens?
Theme 3 Prompt 100 Points
What is mutation? What are mutagens?

24. Theme 3 Response 100 Points
Mutation is a change in DNA. Mutagens are factors (things) that increase mutations in DNA.

25. Theme 3 Prompt 200 Points
What is carcinogen?

26. Carcinogen is a kind of mutagen that causes cancers.
Theme 3 Response 200 Points
Carcinogen is a kind of mutagen that causes cancers.

27. Theme 3 Prompt 300 Points
How is environment related to traits? Give an example of how environment can influence the trait or genes.

28. Theme 3 Response 300 Points
The development of trait is affected by the environment. An example is divi-divi tree that grows sideways because of the strong winds on the islands of Aruba.

29. What are 3 genetic mutations?
Theme 3 Prompt 400 Points
What are 3 genetic mutations?

30. Theme 3 Response 400 Points Positive mutation- helps survive
Neutral mutation- has no impact
Negative mutation- will not survive

31. What are different diseases that are from mutations in a gene?
Theme 3 Prompt 500 Points
What are different diseases that are from mutations in a gene?

32. Cancer, deafness, albinism, PKU, Tay-Sachs disease etc
Theme 3 Response 500 Points
Cancer, deafness, albinism, PKU, Tay-Sachs disease etc

33. What is controlled breeding?
Theme 4 Prompt 100 Points
What is controlled breeding?

34. Theme 4 Response 100 Points
Controlled breeding is mating organisms to produce offspring with specific traits.

35. What is mass selection? Give an example.
Theme 4 Prompt 200 Points
What is mass selection? Give an example.

36. Theme 4 Response 200 Points
Mass selection is crossing plants with desirable traits. An example is growing larger strawberries (crossing a large strawberry with another large strawberry)

37. Theme 4 Prompt 300 Points
What is the difference between inbreeding and hybridization? Give example of inbreeding and hybridization.

38. Theme 4 Response 300 Points
Inbreeding is mating two closely related organisms. Example: breeding racehorses to produce fast horses.
Hybridization is mating two different organisms. Example: crossing a donkey with a horse to produce a mule.

39. What is genetic engineering? Give an example of genetic engineering.
Theme 4 Prompt 400 Points
What is genetic engineering? Give an example of genetic engineering.

40. Genetic engineering is a method in which scientists produce new DNA.
Theme 4 Response 400 Points
Genetic engineering is a method in which scientists produce new DNA.

41. Theme 4 Prompt 500 Points
What is gene splicing?

42. Theme 4 Response 500 Points
Gene splicing- is transferring a part of DNA of one organism to DNA of another organism.

43. Theme 5 Prompt 100 Points
What is cloning?

44. Cloning is the production of cells or organisms with the same traits.
Theme 5 Response 100 Points
Cloning is the production of cells or organisms with the same traits.

45. Why is inbreeding dangerous to the organism?
Theme 5 Prompt 200 Points
Why is inbreeding dangerous to the organism?

46. Theme 5 Response 200 Points
Inbreeding can cause some undesirable traits to show up (more sick, weak bones, more diseases, eye problems, mental problems etc).

47. How do sickle cells differ from normal red blood cells?
Theme 5 Prompt 300 Points
How do sickle cells differ from normal red blood cells?

48. Theme 5 Response 300 Points
They are shaped like a sickle or a crescent (half moon). They can be trapped inside the blood vessels causing severe pain, and even an early death.

49. Why can’t a male be a carrier for hemophilia?
Theme 5 Prompt 400 Points
Why can’t a male be a carrier for hemophilia?

50. Theme 5 Response 400 Points
Because a male has only one X chromosome, and Y chromosome. If he gets the disease, it will be on X chromosome [XcY].

51. What are 3 kinds of mutagens?
Theme 5 Prompt 500 Points
What are 3 kinds of mutagens?

52. Theme 5 Response 500 Points -UV light -X-rays from nuclear power
-chemical in cigarettes

53. Put some closing remark here

54. The Daily Double