1. Optimizing Outcomes in Patients With COPD and Cardiovascular Comorbidities

2. Cardiovascular Comorbidities A Common Occurrence With COPD

3. COPD and CVD How Are They Linked?

4. Arterial Stiffness A Biomarker of CV Risk

5. Progression of Atherosclerosis

6. Hyperinflation of the Lungs

7. Biological Pathways and Mechanisms Linking COPD and CVD

8. Assessing Patients With COPD and CVD

9. Is It CVD?

10. Hidden Heart Failure

11. Assessing Patients With COPD and CVD 6-Minute Walk Test, Spirometry

12. Assessing Patients With COPD and CVD Echocardiogram

13. Assessing Patients With COPD and CVD Echocardiogram and PAH

14. Treatment of Cardiovascular Comorbidities Beta-Blockers Are Not Contraindicated

15. Safety of Bronchodilators in Patients With COPD and CVD

16. TORCH Study

17. Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist Therapy

18. SUMMIT Study

19. SUMMIT Study (cont)

20. CV Safety of LAMAs

21. Recent Studies on CV Safety of LABA/LAMA Combination Therapy

22. CVD Associated With LABAs and LAMAs

23. Patient-Treatment Matching

24. Atrial Fibrillation and Multi-focal Atrial Tachycardia in Patients With COPD

25. Is It the Lung or the Heart? Many Times, It's Both

26. Abbreviations

27. Abbreviations (cont)

28. Abbreviations (cont)