1. Biomarkers in Heart Failure

3. Learning Objectives

4. BNP Reflects Ventricular Wall Stress

5. LaPlace’s Law

6. Vulnerabilities of Natriuretic Peptides

7. Limitation of Natriuretic Peptides at Presentation for Early Prognosis Results of the BACH study

8. Natriuretic Peptide Treatment Response Absolute Target and Percent Change

9. Prognosis Summary for Natriuretic Peptides Based on Timing of Measurement During Index Hospitalization for Acute HF

10. Additive Value of ST2 to NT-proBNP in Long-term Prognosis

11. Therapies With Effects on B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels

12. PROTECT Primary End Point

13. Guided Therapy Combined Analyses: Mortality

15. Mechanism of Action of LCZ696

16. Neprilysin Inhibition A New Paradigm for HF Care?

17. LCZ696 and Biomarkers

18. NT-proBNP Predicts Cardiovascular Outcomes in Asymptomatic Community Dwelling Older Adults The Cardiovascular Health study (n = 4312)

20. Abbreviations

21. Abbreviations (cont)

22. Abbreviations (cont)

23. References

24. References (cont)

25. References (cont)

26. References (cont)