1. Adjusted rate ratio of renal failure during the first 90 days of follow-up
Drug
Rate ratio
95% CI
Thiazide diuretics
1.0
Reference
ACE inhibitors
2.5
1.3–4.7
Beta blockers
0.8
0.5–1.4
Calcium channel blockers
0.7
0.4–1.3
Suissa S et al. Kidney Int 2006; 69:

2. Adjusted rate ratio of renal failure for continued ACE inhibitor use among those with >3 years of follow-up
Time period
Rate ratio
(95% CI)
First 3 y and after 3 y
7.5 (2.8–20.1)
First 3 y but not thereafter
2.3 (0.3–17.5)
Started use after 3 y only
4.9 (2.4–9.8)
Suissa S et al. Kidney Int 2006; 69: