1. The beginning of the Civil war

2. Welcome! Read the passage titled “Causes of the Civil War”.
As you read, put a star by the reasons you believe to be the most detrimental to the relationship between the North and the South.

3. Discussion Which of the reasons did you star? Why?
If these things were happening today, do you think your starred reasons would be different?
Do you think the Civil War could have been avoided? Or was it inevitable?

4. Negotiating a settlement
Students will be given a copy of the worksheet “Negotiating a Settlement of North-South Differences”.
Read the prompt at the top of the page together.
Divide into groups of four.
You will be given 15 minutes to negotiate and come up with a solution for numbers 1-5.
Everyone in your group must write the reached solution on their sheet. (To be collected for participation points.)

5. The civil war begins Distribute “The Civil War Begins” handout.
As I read the following passage, turn your sheet over to the page titled “The Civil War Begins”.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate information in the “Completion” section.

6. By the time Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated President in March 1861, South Carolina and six other states had formed the Confederate States of America. A constitution had been adopted, which permitted slavery, guaranteed states’ rights, and did away with the protective tariff. Lincoln was at once faced with a major crisis. In his First Inaugural Address, he spoke directly to the rebellious South, reminding it that his oath of office required him to “preserve, protect, and defend the Union.” But his appeal fell upon deaf ears. The Confederates had seized most of the forts, post offices, and arsenals of the federal government in states which had seceded. Only two forts remained in Union hands. One was Fort Sumter, located in the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina.

7. Confederate President Jefferson Davis demanded that federal troops evacuate Sumter. When Major Robert Anderson, the fort’s commander, refused to leave, the Confederates ringed the harbor with cannons. The fort’s supply of food and other necessities soon ran low, and President Lincoln, acting against the advice of his Cabinet, ordered a U.S. ship to take in needed supplies. President Davis regarded Lincoln’s decision as an act of war. He instructed his commander at Charles ton to open fire on Fort Sumter. After a 34-hour bombardment, Major Anderson surrendered. The shelling of Fort Sumter in April 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War. When news of the attack reached the North, it brought a determined reaction. Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to enlist in the Union Army. The entire North was united in its support of the President. But the call to arms prompted four more Southern states to secede and join the Confederacy.

8. Comparing strengths and weaknesses
When the Civil War began, people in the Union states expected a quick victory. President Lincoln himself asked for volunteers to serve in the army for only three months.
We will be taking a close look at the strengths and weaknesses of the two sides. It’s easy to see why the odds favored the Union over the Confederacy.

9. Here’s how it works…
For each area of comparison decide whether the Union and Confederacy were strong or weak in a particular category.
For a strong rating, give the Union or Confederacy 3 or 2 points.
For a weak rating, give 1 or 0 points.
Complete first area of comparison together: Union had more people that the Confederacy, meaning the Union was capable of putting a larger army on the battlefield. (Reasonable to give 3 points to the Union and 1 to the Confederacy.)

10. Points…
When you’re finished, decide which three probably had the greatest effect on the outcome of the war.
For the three areas you decide are the greatest importance, change the scoring by multiplying the points for each side by 3.
Finally, add up the points for both sides. Your totals should show whether the Union or Confederacy had the advantage in the Civil War.

11. Notes Return to your “The Civil War Begins” note sheet.
Complete the “Union or Confederacy” section based on what you found when comparing the North and South’s strengths and weaknesses.
Pass the “Negotiating a Settlement of North-South Differences” handout to the front of the room.

12. Ticket out the door On a separate sheet of paper answer the following…
What factors do you think most contributed to the Union advantage and their eventual defeat of the Confederate States of America?
Practice the format for a DBQ paragraph…
Make a thesis statement
Cite evidence from the document you have been given today
Provide your own analysis—how do the documents further prove your point?