1. Formulating Research Problem
COMMUNITY RESEARCH PROGRAM
2012

2. Introduction Research problem:
Uncertainty about something in the population
To be resolved
By making measurement

3. Choosing research questions
Infer
Infer
Truth in the universe
Truth in the study
Finding in the study
Error
Error
Research question
Study
plan
Actual
study
Design
Implement
Target Population
Intended sample
Actual subject
Phenomena of interest
Intended variable
Actual measurement

4. What is research problem?
Question to be answered
Assumption to be challenged
Should be able to withstand the scientific scrutiny
The destination of a research

5. Process of problem identification
Depends on:
expertise in research methodology
Knowledge in the subject area
Understanding of the issue
The extent to focus on the study

6. Origin of Research Problem
Observation
Creativity
Good mentor
Good relationship
Conference
Septical attitude
New insight on new technology
Literature searching
Research meeting
Mastering Literature
Alert on new ideas/ technique
Imagination
Mentor

7. Generating Research Ideas
From common sense
Question everything
True? When is it not true? Why is it true?
Attack practical problems
Questions to ask
Who/When/Why/How
What are its effects (short-term, long-term, good, bad)?
From previous research
Easy way to get started
Likely to produce relevant research
Consider improving study
Consider extending study

8. Good research question
Feasible
# of subject
Expertise
Resource
Interesting
For one’s self
Novel
Confirm
New finding
Ethical
Approved
Relevant
To scientific knowledge
To policy
To future research

9. Things to be considered
Interest
Magnitude
Measurement of Concepts
Level of expertise
Relevance
Availability of data
Ethical issues

10. Steps to formulate a research problem
Identify the area of interest
Dissect into sub-areas
Select 1 sub-area consider study population, method
Raise research question  that can/should be answered
Formulate objectives
Assess the objectives
Double check the interest

11. Steps to formulate a research problem
Identify
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mortality

12. Steps to formulate a research problem
Dissect
Trends in pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in Bandung
Impact of health services on pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in Bandung
Impact of socio-economic status on pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in Bandung

13. Steps to formulate a research problem
Select
Impact of health services on pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in Bandung

14. Steps to formulate a research problem
Raise Question
Study population? Methods?
What kind of health services that are available for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Bandung?
Are there any difference of the quality pulmonary tuberculosis care in those health services?
Are pulmonary tuberculosis mortality rate differ among those health services?
Is pulmonary tuberculosis mortality rate decreasing by the improvement of the quality of care?

15. Steps to formulate a research problem
Formulate objectives
Main Objective: to explore the impact of health services on pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in Bandung
Specific objectives:
To explore the available health services for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Bandung
To identify difference of the quality of care in those health services
To identify the pulmonary tuberculosis mortality rate in different health services
To ascertain that pulmonary tuberculosis mortality rate is decreasing by the improvement of the quality of care

16. Steps to formulate a research problem
Make sure
Assess the objectives considering:
The work involved
The time availability
The financial resources
Technical expertise
Ethical issue

17. Steps to formulate a research problem
Double check
Your interest
The objectives of the study
Adequate resources
Technically expertise
Ethical issue

18. Exercise I
Research problem will be elaborated in the background of your thesis
Read 2 ‘background’ in minor thesis provided in our website
formulate (a) research problem(s) from those ‘background’ as you think the author will do
Submit it during lab session

19. Good Luck