1. Bellwork Have your lab report out and ready to turn in.
What did you have for lunch today?
Categorize each item under the following groupings (some items may go into one or more groups)
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Do you feel you had a healthy lunch? Why or why not??

2. Describe the functions of each group of organic compounds.
Carbon Compounds
Describe the functions of each group of organic compounds.

3. The Chemistry of Carbon
organic chemistry - study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
four valence electrons
with itself or with other atoms including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen

4. Carbon’s Versatility Carbon can form different types of bonds: Chains
single
double
triple
Chains
Rings
Highly branched

5. Macromolecules Monomer – subunits or building blocks
Formed by a process known as polymerization
Monomer – subunits or building blocks
Polymer - large compound formed from monomers
Four groups of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

6. Polymers are made of Monomers.
MONOMERS = subunit in a complex molecule
Polymer = molecule with many monomers bonded together

7. Condensation reactions join monomers to form polymers
Condensation reactions join monomers to form polymers. A condensation reaction releases water as a by-product. Also known as dehydration synthesis.
In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers.

8. 4 main types of macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

9. Today’s task
Prepare an advertisement for your macromolecule. The advertisement must include:
What does it look like?
Elements that make up your macromolecule
Monomer and the structure of the monomer(s)
Detailed, how do the actual elements fit together?
Polymer(s) and example of the basic structure
Detailed, not a bunch of connected circles!
What does it do?
Functions of your macromolecules
What types are they?
What are some of the major types of your macromolecule?
Name some examples
Where do we find it?
Where in our bodies is it found?
Foods in which it is found
Why everyone NEEDS this macromolecule

10. Tasks Clubs: Group Leader – keep everyone on task
Hearts: Time keeper – make sure you can finish the entire poster in this class period
Diamonds: Artistic director – make sure the poster looks like a poster and not just a boring listing of facts
Spades: Research director – keep everyone on task finding the information that you need

11. Carbohydrates carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 1 : 2 : 1 C6H12O6
main source of energy
structural purposes

12. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide - single sugar molecule [monomer]
Glucose, galactose – milk, fructose - fruit
Polysaccharide - large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides [polymer]
Glycogen [animal starch] - animals store excess sugar
Starch - plants store excess sugar
Cellulose - Tough, flexible fibers give plants strength and rigidity

13. Lipids mostly carbon and hydrogen not soluble in water
used to store energy
important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Steroids are lipids as well; serve as chemical messengers.

14. Many formed when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids
saturated – all carbon atoms joined by a single bond
solid at room temperature
butter & lard
unsaturated – at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid
liquid at room temperature
polyunsaturated - contains more than one double bond
corn oil, sesame oil, and peanut oil

15. Nucleic Acids hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
store and transmit genetic information
composed of monomers called nucleotides
two kinds of nucleic acids:
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

16. Nucleic Acids Nucleotide 5-carbon sugar phosphate group
nitrogenous base

17. Proteins nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
composed of monomers called amino acids
amino group (–NH2)
carboxyl group (–COOH)
more than 20 different amino acids
All parts of
amino acid
are identical
except R-group

18. Functions of Protein
control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
used to form bones and muscles
transport substances into or out of cells
help to fight diseases