1. Utilitarianism

2. Types of Theory

3. Types of Theory Teleological
The consequence of the moral act is the important thing

4. Types of Theory Teleological Deontological
The consequence of the moral act is the important thing
Deontological
Rightness is determined by some moral value in the act itself

5. Original Utilitarianism
Bentham
Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do.

6. Original Utilitarianism
John Stuart Mill
The only evidence we have, says Mill, that something is intrinsically desirable, is that we observe that people desire it just for itself.

7. Original Utilitarianism
Utilitarian Thesis
What is good is what conduces to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

8. Original Utilitarianism
Utilitarian Thesis
What is good is what conduces to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Utilitarian Principle
Act so as to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

9. Original Utilitarianism
Nietzsche
Man does not strive after happiness; only the Englishman does that.

10. Some Problems The Assumption of Sufficient Knowledge
It assumes that the moral actor has the capacity to know what the outcomes of any action are going to be.

11. Some Problems Practicality
For example: how far into the future do these considerations have to be extended.

12. Some Problems
Justice
Utilitarian reasoning would conflict with some of our deepest intuitions about what is just

13. Some Problems Dostoevsky
Would you torture to death an innocent child if by doing so you would secure happiness for the rest of mankind?

14. Refined Utilitarianism
Act-Utilitarian Thesis
An act is right if and only if it results in as much good as any available alternative.

15. Refined Utilitarianism
Act-Utilitarian Thesis
An act is right if and only if it results in as much good as any available alternative.
Rule-Utilitarian Thesis
An act is right if and only if it is the consequence of following a rule that, with other rules, if followed would lead to as much happiness as any other rules .

16. Some More Problems

17. Some More Problems
The ‘Pig Philosophy’

18. Some More Problems The ‘Pig Philosophy’
Why not plug into a happiness machine?

19. Some More Problems The ‘Pig Philosophy’
Why not plug into a happiness machine?
Is it better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a pig satisfied?

20. Some More Problems
Fairness

21. Some More Problems Fairness
It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed

22. Some More Problems Fairness
It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed A B C D
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3

23. Some More Problems Fairness
It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed A B C D
Option 1 1
Option 2
Option 3

24. Some More Problems Fairness
It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed A B C D
Option 1 1
Option 2 -2 2
Option 3

25. Some More Problems Fairness
It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed A B C D
Option 1 1
Option 2 -2 2
Option 3 -1 7

26. Some More Problems
Lifestyle

27. Some More Problems
Lifestyle

28. Some More Problems
Lifestyle or

29. Some Responses Mill distinguishes between types of pleasures
Those who have sampled both know that the higher are more pleasurable
Life … [is] not a life of rapture; but moments of such, in an existence made up of few and transitory pains, many and various pleasure, with a decided predominance of the active over the passive, and having as the foundation of the whole, not to expect more from life than it is capable of bestowing