1. AP Geo Day 38

2. Starter Draw the Demographic Transition Model (birth, death, growth)
Bonus: Do you think there are different types of borders? (Like between countries, how so?)

3. Europe's most fortified border is in Africa - Vox

4. How to identify boundaries
Define: legal treaty
Delimit: line on a map
Demarcate: physical boundary
Natural
Geometric
Cultural

5. Types of Boundaries

6. Boundaries 3 Types Formation of Boundaries Natural Geometric Cultural
Natural/Physical boundaries
Antecedent
Subsequent
Superposed
Relic
Locational
Operational
Allocational Boundaries

7. Natural/Physical Boundaries
boundaries created by physical features
Ex: US/Mexico border (Rio Grande River)

8. Antecedent Boundary drawn before the cultural landscape develops
Ex: 49th parallel (latitude) separates US and Canada (Latitude and longitude already existed, then Western border was chosen to follow that)

9. Subsequent Develops with cultural landscape
Ex: Formation of the states as the U.S. expanded westward

10. Ex: separation of North and South Korea
Superposed
Boundaries drawn by outside forces
Ex: African country lines drawn by Europeans, not by ethnic groups
Ex: separation of North and South Korea
Ex: Native American reservations

11. Relic
Boundaries that can still be seen, even after the political boundaries have changed
Ex: East vs West Germany, difference in income, unemployment, etc.
Ex: Divide between French-speaking and English-speaking Canada

12. Locational
Interpretation of the boundary is in question, dispute over drawing of the boundary
Ex: Saudi Arabia and Yemen Ex: Boundary between US and Mexico prior to Mexican-American War

13. Operational Dispute over the function of a boundary; how it is used
Ex: American-Mexican border
How do Americans view the border?
How do Hispanics?
Ex: European borders during refugee crisis
How do different European countries view the border between themselves and countries in distress?
How do refugees view the border?

14. Allocational Dispute over the extraction of resource.
Ex: Iraq and Kuwait
Kuwait begins to extract oil from Iraqi side
Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands are not owned and are in a strategic waterway and have natural gas [each country gets 12 miles out at sea considered as their country, and 200 as an economic zone for trading/fishing/oil/etc] several countries could claim Spratly. But it is the Chinese who are trying to claim it with cellphone towers

16. Nations in conflict over boundaries
South Sudan
Israel/Palestine
Pakistan/India
Russia/Ukraine

17. Boundary Disputes Sudan/Darfur/S. Sudan Israel/Palestine
Pakistan/India
Russia/Ukraine
Superposed
Allocational
Relic