1. Putting it all together
DNA Translation
Putting it all together

2. Last Day
DNA Replication
RNA
Transcription

3. Today’s Objectives
Understand the process of how our DNA makes proteins from start to finish
Complete a treasure hunt with the help of some of the processes of DNA
Chapter 10 Review

4. So, Let’s Recap…
The Basic Building Block of DNA is called a Nucleotide
It is made up of three basic components, Which are…
Phosphate Group
5 Carbon Sugar, Deoxyribose
Nitrogen Containing Base

5. The DNA Nucleotide

7. Recap Cont’d Which two components make up the backbone of DNA?
Phosphate Group
Deoxyribose
The Nitrogenous bases pair up with their complementary base pair on another strand to form the DNA Double Helix we have come so familiar with

8. Recap Cont’d…
Before cell division, a fundamental process in any organism, the genetic information must be able to copy itself
This is done in a process known as…
Replication!

9. Recap Cont’d…
DNA replication is performed in the NUCLEUS with the help of DNA HELICASE
HELICASE “unzips” the two strands of DNA
DNA POLYMERASE brings complementary nucleotides in the surrounding medium to form the new strand of DNA

11. Recap Cont’d…
Once DNA has been replicated, all of the useful information which in contains must be Transcribed (written out)
This leads to the process known as…
Transcription

12. Recap Cont’d
RNA POLYMERASE comes along, unzips the DNA double helix, and brings in complementary RNA base nucleotides to form a transcribed RNA Strand

13. The process of transcription creates 3 different types of RNA
Recap Cont’d…
The process of transcription creates 3 different types of RNA
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA

14. So What do these 3 RNAs do?
Work together to TRANSLATE the genetic code of DNA into the proteins, which carry out all of the bodies functions.
Process known as Protein Synthesis (or Translation)

15. Genetic Code
The sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA TRANSCRIPT, is TRANSLATED into a sequence of amino acids (the building blocks of proteins)
The nucleotide sequence combined with its amino acid sequence is known as the GENETIC CODE
Combination of THREE mRNA nucleotides is called a CODON.
Each CODON codes for a specific AMINO ACID

16. Genetic Code

17. TRANSLATION Start: mRNA leaves the nucleus for the cytosol
Migrates to a RIBOSOME- the site of protein synthesis
Amino acids that are floating freely in cytosol are transported to the ribosomes by our old friend tRNA

19. Translation
Same base pairing rules follow (anticodon-codon)
Begins at mRNA strand AUG ( tRNA with anticodon UAC)
Moves along until it hits a STOP codon (UGA, UAA, UAG)

21. Recall
DNA mutations occurring during the replication stage play major role in translation
Where different base pairs in original DNA molecule can result in a different string of amino acids
More on this when we get to Evolution!

22. To Recap Translation
mRNA moves the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes (made up of rRNA) in the cytosol.
The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
tRNA molecules, carrying an amino acid will bind to the codons on mRNA (starting at the START codon AUG)
The tRNA molecules will continue to bring amino acids, forming a chain of amino acids, until they reach a STOP Codon
The resulting protein will detach, and move to the site where it is needed in the cell.

24. It’s Time for a Treasure Hunt!

25. DNA Treasure Hunt With your partner…
Complete the DNA puzzle and receive a clue to where your treasure might be.
After checking with Mr.Hill, go forth and find your Treasure!
When you return, Work on Chapter 10/14 Review

26. Mr.Hill’s Test Taking Tips!
NAME- Always the first thing you should write on a test.
Read over the whole test before you begin writing
Make sure you have the right number of pages, whether there is a back side etc.
Answer Questions you know first
Builds confidence, gives clues for more challenging questions
Do not leave blanks!
An attempted guess is better than having nothing.
Multiple Choice
Eliminate the obviously wrong answer(s)
Automatically increases odds