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Voyager in Interstellar Space

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Presentation on theme: "Voyager in Interstellar Space"— Presentation transcript:

1 Voyager in Interstellar Space
Professor John Belcher MIT Department of Physics

2

3 100,000 light years across

4 20 light days across

5 Interstellar Medium Heliopause Termination Shock Heliosphere
Link to movie Heliosphere

6 Voyager 1 in Interstellar Medium Termination Shock
As of 26 December 2014, Voyager 2 was billion miles from Earth (106.5 Astronomical Units from the Sun), well beyond the orbit of Pluto. Voyager 2 is leaving the solar system at 36,000 miles per hour, which is 3.2 AU per year, or 1 light year per 18,600 years. On the same date, the light travel time from Voyager 2 to Earth was 14 hours, 54 minutes, 31 seconds. Data are returned from the spacecraft at 160 bits per second, using a transmitter with about 25 watts (!) of power. Heliopause Voyager 2 in shocked solar wind

7 Galactic Cosmic Rays Energetic Particles Accelerated in Heliosphere

8 History Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock in December 2004 at 94 AU The MIT plasma instrument on Voyager 1 has been dead since 1981, but the plasma instrument on Voyager 2 is alive and well. Voyager 2 crossed the termination shock in Aug 2007 at 84 AU Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause into interstellar space on August 25, 2012 We are still waiting for Voyager 2 to cross into interstellar space, and for the first direct measurements of the interstellar plasma

9 50 days of recent heliosheath data from
Voyager 2 MIT Plasma Science Experiment Last data on Friday May 29, 2015 Instrument operating since August 20, 1977

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11 The local bubble is very hot million degree plasma which is totally ionized.
But there is a smaller region in the local bubble, the local fluff, which is much cooler (6500 K), and the sun is presently in that region Frisch & Huff


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