1. External Trade and Development Policy
“Fortress Europe” or “Partner Europe”?

2. External Trade Policy and Development Policy: introduction
Context of the External Trade Policy (and Development policy): European Union as an international player
What are the most important elements?
Origin, treaty basis, and decision-making
Policy instruments: autonomous actions and trade agreements
Position of the EU in WTO-negotiations
Development Policy

3. Share of trading blocs in World Trade (Exports and Imports)

4. Origin, legal basis and decision-making
“external” dimension of customs union
Legal basis: art. 133 TEC (1st pillar)
Changes in the “Constitution”
Implementation of art.133 TEC: 2 main problems:
The scope of EU competence in international trade policy
Relation between Commission, Council, art 133 Committee: power game

5. The scope of EU competence in international trade policy making
Extension trade agenda and constant legal basis
Competence EU in trade in services, intellectual property rights, investment rules?
Decision Court of Justice (1994): distinction between “exclusive” and “shared” competences

6. Commission-Council relation
Community method of decision-making (1st pillar)
Role of art 133 Committee
Decision-making in 3 stages: Mandate, Negotiations, Adoption of Agreement
Limited role of other institutions

7. Policy instruments
Instruments of Commercial defense (e.g. anti-dumping measures): art. 133 TEC
International Trade Agreements: legal basis: art .300 and 310 TEC
Most important part of EU’s foreign trade policy: “partner” Europe vs. “fortress” Europe
Importance of political and development-policy related objectives of these trade agreements

8. International Trade Agreements
Europe-Agreements and Association Agreements
EG+EFTA: European Economic Area
Euro-med Agreements
Free Trade Agreements (Mexico, Israel, South Africa, ASEAN)
Transatlantic relation: no trade liberalisation agreement as such but very important trade relations

9. The EU and the Least Developing Countries (LDCs)
The Generalized System of Preferences:
- all developing countries (not only LDCs)
- WTO-framework
ACP-agreements (Lomé Conventions, Cotonou and Economic Partnership Agreements)
Everything But Arms Initiative (2001)

10. Position of the EU in WTO-negotiations
Multilateral trade liberalisation: a long and difficult road <-> need for “globalisation maîtrisée”
The Uruguay-round ( ): achievements and concessions for the EU
Doha round (2001- never ending story?)
Launched by the EU
Difficult evolution: Doha-declaration (2001)- Cancun (2003)- Geneva (2004)

11. Development Policy of the EU
Use of policy instruments external trade policy (ACP-agreements, GSP, etc.)
Origin, Treaty Basis
Complementary character: “national” policy
Objectives, Principles of Action, Policy Instruments
Actors (ECHO, DG Development, Europeaid, Other DGs, international cooperation)

12. Some conclusions
Leading role of European Commission in trade liberalisation initiatives and reserves of the Member States
The EU as an “economic” power: can it be translated into more “political” power?
Development Policy: use of EU trade policy instruments, however still an overall national policy