1. 8th Grade Integrated Science
Math in Science
8th Grade Integrated Science

2. Measurement Systems The Metric System
The two systems of measurement used in the world are English and Metric
The US uses the English system
Most other countries use the metric system
The metric system is based on powers of ten
English units of measure (and what they measure)
Metric Units of measure (and what they measure)

3. Measurement Systems
In science we only use the metric system of measurement to collect data
Examples of units of measure in the metric system:
Length -- meters, centimeters, kilometers; the base unit is the meter
Mass- grams, milligrams; the base unit is the gram
Volume – liter, milliliter; the base unit is the liter

4. Converting within the metric system
When moving from one unit to a smaller unit When moving from one unit to a larger unit

5. Converting within the metric system
There is an easier way to convert in the metric system!!!
You just have to remember this mnemonic device and fill in the stair steps….
King Henry Died base unit Drinking Chocolate Milk

6. Graphs and Graphing First let’s review….
Experimental Design
Experiments are made up of two groups:
Control Group – does not include the thing we are testing, used for comparison
Experimental Group – contains the thing we are testing or the independent variable
Variables
Independent Variable- The difference between the control and the experimental group, determined before the experiment,
the thing changed by the scientist
Dependent Variable –The thing we measure during the experiment, also called data _______________________________________________________________________________

7. Graphs and Graphing Types of graphs What is each used for?
1.) Line graph – used to show a change over time
2.) Bar graph – used to compare things, good for surveys
3.) Scatter plot – used to show a correlation (or relationship) between two variable
--positive correlation
--negative correlation
--no correlation

8. Graphs and Graphing S Scale U Units L Labels T Title A Accuracy
Parts of the graph and graphing
When creating graphs in science make sure to follow the SULTAN checklist
S Scale
U Units
L Labels
T Title
A Accuracy
N Neatness

9. Graphs and Graphing– SULTAN (cont.)
Scale - graph should take up whole page (>80%), each line is worth the same value, the numbers are evenly spaced; allows us to see the trend in data easily
How to find the proper scale (for most cases)
Count the number of boxes on each axis and jot that number down somewhere.
Divide the range (range is difference between the highest value and the lowest value for that data set) by the number of boxes on that axis.
If the number is a decimal you will always round up to the next whole number. You have to round up to keep your graph inside your axes, if you do not your data will go off of the page.
This number will be your scale for that particular axis.
**This step also has to be followed for each separate axis.
Scale = Range / Number of Boxes

10. Graphs and Graphing- SULTAN (cont.)
Units- what the numbers on the scale are measuring, (m), (s), (oC)
Labels- Describe what is being measured; length, time, temperature
Remember the following
D –Dependent
R- Responding
Y- axis
M- Manipulated
I- Independent
X- axis

11. Graphs and Graphing– SULTAN (cont.)
Title- Placed across the top of the graph, short summary of what the graph shows; DO NOT simply restate the independent and dependent variables; ie. Number of waves vs. Time
Accuracy - data is plotted precisely, key included if necessary
Neatness – lines drawn with a ruler, easy to read

12. Graphs and Graphing—Types of Graphs
Line Graphs
Used to show a change over time
Shows how the dependent variable is related to or changes due to the independent variable
Line Graph Relationships
Descriptions of how two variables relate to each other
Direct Relationship – BOTH variables increase or BOTH variables decrease
Cyclic – Pattern on graph repeats over time
Static – As the independent variable increases, the dependent variable stays the same
Indirect Relationship – When one variable increases, the other decreases

13. Graphs and Graphing- Types of Graphs
Bar Graphs
Used to compare things, good for surveys
If there is data for multiple groups, bars can be side by side or stacked
If there are multiple bars for a category a KEY is necessary

14. Graphs and Graphing- Types of Graphs
Scatter Plot
Used to determine if there is a correlation or relationship between two variables
Positive Correlation- as one variable increases so does the other
Negative Correlation- as one variable goes up, the other goes down
No correlation- no apparent relationship between the variables

15. Mass, Volume and Density
The amount of matter in something
Units = grams
Tool used to measure = balance
Volume
The amount of space something takes up
Units = cm3 or mL
Tool used to measure = ruler or graduated cylinder

16. Mass, Volume and Density
Volume (continued)
Two methods for finding volume:
Regular object (regular object = flat sides)
Use a ruler or meter stick and measure length, width and height
Formula = Length x width x height
cm x cm x cm = cm3  we measured 3 dimensions so units are cubed
Irregular object (for example a mineral or rock)
Water displacement – use a graduated cylinder
Fill graduated cylinder with water, leave room at the top, note the amount of water
Put object in graduated cylinder, note new water level
Subtract value in #1 from value in #2
Your answer for #3 is the volume with mL as the units

17. Mass, Volume and Density
The amount of matter in a specific volume
Can be used to help identify an unknown substance
Units = g/cm3 or g/mL
Tools used to measure = balance, and ruler or graduated cylinder
Density of water is 1 g/cm3 or 1 mL
If an object is placed in water and floats, its density is less than 1 g/cm3
If an object is placed in water and it sinks, its density is greater than 1 g/cm3

18. Mass, Volume, Density Density = Mass Volume Volume = Mass Density
Mass = Density x Volume
Density of an object remains the same, no matter how many pieces its broken into