1. Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
Cherlyn Scott
Spring 2018

2. Ottoman: Rise to Power
Seljuk Turks began to decline, the Osman began to expand.
Gunpowder empire –success largely based on the mastery of the technology of firearms.
Janissary were an elite military guard recruited from Christians, converted to Islam, and trained as foot soldiers or administrators to the sultan.

4. Ottoman: Suleiman
Suleiman I, or Suleiman the Magnificent, came to rule in He expanded Ottoman rule into Europe and the western Med. Sea.
He ruled for 46 years.
He codified Ottoman law keeping Islamic faith, took into account Christian inhabitants of the Empire, addressed taxes, and built more schools.

5. Ottoman: Sultans head of the empire- held absolute control
hereditary – eldest son always succeeded the father. (created turmoil)
private domain called a “harem,” or “sacred place.” Here the sultan and his wives lived.
When a son became sultan, his mother became queen mother and acted as an adviser to the throne.

6. Ottoman chief advisor to the sultan: grand vizier
Led meetings
Spoke for the Sultan
Empire divided into districts and ruled by officials and highly trained bureaucrats
Senior officials responsible for collecting taxes and supplying armies for the empire

7. Ottoman: Society The subjects were divided by occupation.
ruling class, & 4 main occupational groups: peasants, artisans, merchants, and pastoral peoples.
Sunni Muslims.
Tolerant of non-Muslims
Conversions
Or taxes

8. Ottoman: Decline The training of officials declined
local government grew more corrupt and taxes rose
Wars depleted the imperial treasury.
influence of Western Europe

10. Safavid Modern day Persia, concentrated on building a powerful army
Ismail called himself “shah,” or king, of the new Persian state by age 14
Religious tyrant: Shia
Decimated the Sunni population

11. Safavid: at its Peak Shah Abbas: Highest point of glory
Reformed military and civilian life
Equipped armies with modern artillery
Punished corruption
Hired only the most competent people
Sought more religious toleration

12. Safavid: Cultural Connections
New capital at Isfahan
Showcase wealth
Blue domes
Beautiful arts
Chinese artisans
Metalwork, calligraphy, glasswork, and pottery
Carpets
Western demand
Local craft to national industry
Themes reflected the culture of the empire

14. Safavid: Decline Shah Abbas followed Ottoman mistakes
Incompetent leadership aided in decline
By 1747 the empire fell into regional turmoil

15. Mughal: Geography
The Mogul Empire spread from the Hindu Kush mountains east to the Bay of Bengal; from modern-day Afghanistan south to near the southern tip of India.

16. Mughal: Origins 8th-16th centuries: religious and political turmoil
Babur defeated the sultan of Delhi
Akbar the Great
Military conqueror
Artillery
Utilized rajput forces
Liberal ruler
Cultural blending
Governed using the talented
Graduated tax

17. Mughal: Culture Blending Arts and Literature Architecture
Welcomed diverse influence
Persian, Hindi, and Urdu (blend)
Arts and Literature
Book illustrations
Epic love stories
Architecture
Style named for Akbar
Massive, graceful structures

19. Mughal: Shah Jahan Shah Jahan
He expanded the boundaries of the Mogul Empire
Taj Mahal – a mausoleum for his favorite wife, Mumatz Mahal. This is the finest piece of Mogul architecture. It combines Persian, Ottoman, Indian, and Islamic styles. .

20. Mughal: Aurangzeb He was a devout Muslim and a man of high principle.
He tried to eliminate social evils in India: suttee (a Hindu practice of cremating a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre), levying illegal taxes, gambling, and drinking.
Made Hindu to convert to Islam –led to social unrest that made India open to attack from abroad.

21. Mughal The British helped the decline of the Mogul Empire in India.
British East India Co. Controlled trade and taxed lands surrounding the city of Calcutta.
The Indians practiced guerilla warfare against the British.
The British moved inland. Trade brought money to the British. The British were in India to stay.