1. Teaching as a Profession
Warm Up: 1.
Cool Down: What did you learn today in your current
event assignment?
Daily Objective(s):
We will determine the history and overarching purpose of education.
Day 33
Unit 2: History of Education

2. Presentation Reminders:
Remember to introduce yourself.
Example: “Hello all, my name is (insert your name here) and my presentation is on ___________!”
Go slowly and clearly. Trust me, nobody is judging you!
If you mess up, it is ok. We all make mistakes.
Presenting takes practice, so don’t be upset!
Reminders:
If you are rude in the audience, I will give you a zero.
Follow along using your classmate’s notes. I’m checking them.

3. Education in the New Nation
Education in the 1700’s-1800’s

4. American Revolution- 1789
No longer under English colonial rule, the new United States abandons the integration of church and state.
In the late 1700’s, schools began to teach “nonsectarian” subjects and content.
The founding fathers, such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, played a large role in the formation of early American education.

5. Thomas Jefferson Wanted to go beyond teaching just the wealthy.
He also wanted to get beyond teaching only religion instruction and focus on practical skills.
He wanted to open up schooling to all white children, not just the rich but the poor as well.
He founded the University of Virginia, a groundbreaking university which promoted higher education separated from religion!

6. Benjamin Franklin
Suggested a new kind of “secondary school” to replace the old Latin grammar school called the Academy.
The Franklin Academy was the forerunner of today’s high school.
It accepted both girls and boys that could afford the tuition and focused on math, astronomy, athletics, navigation, drama, and bookkeeping.
It also allowed for students to take elective courses, a new concept at the time.
The Franklin Academy is now the University of Pennsylvania.

7. Horace Mann and the Common School
Horace man was the leading advocate for the establishment of a Common School, open to all.
We now refer to common schools as elementary schools.
He helped create the Massachusetts
State Board of Education in 1837 and was its first
secretary.
He began to reform education, believing it would
serve the public well to have an educated citizenry.

8. Horace Mann and the Common School
He believed, rightfully so, that businesses and industries would benefit from educated workers.
Ultimately, this would help the economy as a whole.
In an idealistic way, the Common School would
help both wealthy and poor students by giving
them a means for education and gaining
employment.
This would ensure that social harmony would be
promoted, resulting in a strong civil society.

9. Common Schools and Taxes
In order to operate, common schools relied on taxes for salaries and expenses.
In order to get high-quality schools, Horace Mann had to battle taxpayers who did not want to pay for schools.
However, he fought vigorously to ensure all students received a high-quality education in well-built schools with trained teachers.

10. Normal Schools
Normal schools were also started as the result of Horace Mann’s promotion.
Normal schools were teacher education schools and prepared teachers for the classroom.
These schools opposed hitting students (corporal punishment) and instead tried positive ways to encourage success.

11. By the Civil War (1861) Most states had public schools
Half of all American students were getting some formal education
Elementary schools, high schools, and universities were beginning to take their modern shape around this time thanks in part to the efforts of Horace Mann and his reformers.

12. The Secondary School Movement
A famous court case, called the Kalamazoo, Michigan Case of 1874, ruled that taxes could be used to support secondary schools (modern day high schools).
In Michigan, at the time, elementary schools
and state universities were already in place.
So the state found it made sense to
“bridge” the two with a secondary school.

13. Movement from Farms to Cities
In the late 1800’s, America was a changing nation.
The Civil War was over and the nation rebuilt. It was becoming a nation with a large industrial economy and with increasing sophistication.
Once an agrarian-focused nation, many people were now moving to cities to work in the factories. The rise of such cities as Baltimore, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh attest to rise of factories.

14. Cities and Factories
Education become important to attaining good jobs.
In order to be well-trained, the public high school became a “stepping stone” to specialized jobs in factories and cities.
The public high school opened up opportunities for the lower class and gave a social function of equalizing the playing field.
Lastly, with less need for teenagers on the farms, high school attendance increased dramatically.

15. American Education in the 20th Century
America was becoming a larger economy, competing with the European nations of England, France, and Germany on the global scale.
Once a backward nation of farmers, America had become an industrial powerhouse by the early 1900’s.
American cities, such as New York, Boston, Baltimore, and Washington were becoming economically prosperous and industrialized.
America was poised to become a global leader, but needed more change in it’s education system.

16. John Dewey and Progressive Education
John Dewey was perhaps the most influential educator of the 20th Century (1900’s)
He is affiliated with the movement of progressivism.
Progressivism includes several components- the school now addresses health concerns, family and community life issues, and vocational training and education.

17. Progressivism
Also sought to look at education through the lens of research and social science study to make improvements to education.
Addressed the needs of a diverse population in a democratic society to benefit all.
This idea stated that students learn best when they are interested in the learning.

18. John Dewey’s Role Advocated for progressivism,
which was very controversial in his
lifetime.
He was an author who advocated for
Education to be “student centered”
and to focus

19. Dewey’s arguments
Dewey continually argues that education and learning are social and interactive processes, and thus the school itself is a social institution through which social reform can and should take place. In addition, he believed that students thrive in an environment where they are allowed to experience and interact with the curriculum, and all students should have the opportunity to take part in their own learning.

20. You will… Write the term and definition of: Gendered career John Dewey
Progressive Education
Kalamazoo, Michigan Case of 1874