1. Childbirth
Ch. 19 – Lesson 3
Get a book – Read pages

2. What types of anesthetic are used in delivery?
Labor and Delivery
First Stage (2-24 hours):
Labor begins with contractions muscular squeezing of the uterus
Begins every minutes
Amniotic sac ruptures – water breaks
(appx. 1 pint of fluid released)
Cervix dilates cm
What types of anesthetic are used in delivery?

3. Labor and Delivery Second Stage (up to 2 hours):
crowning – the baby’s head can be seen
Episiotomy – incision from the vagina to the anus
Birth of the baby
Remove blood, fluid, mucous from nose/mouth
Baby’s first breath
Clamp umbilical cord once it stops pulsating
crowning
Episiotomy

4. Labor and Delivery Third Stage: afterbirth – expulsion of the placenta
takes between 5 and 10 minutes
*On average, birth takes about 14 hours for the 1st child and 8 for the 2nd
afterbirth

5. Complications at Birth
Breech birth – feet or buttocks of the baby enter the birth canal first
Caesarean Birth (C-section) – A surgical method of birth where an incision is made through the abdominal wall and uterus.
Breech birth
Caesarean Birth (C-section)

6. Complications at Birth
Stillbirth
Premature Birth – delivery of a live baby before the 37th week of pregnancy.
What are some increased health risks associated with premature birth?
What happens to the umbilical cord after the baby is born?
Premature Birth

7. Post Delivery Baby is kept warm Injection vitamin K
Antibiotic (silver nitrate)
Weighed
Measured
Infant checked for reflexes:
Rooting reflex (turns head at touch)
Sucking reflex
Startle reflex
Palmar grasp reflex

8. Post Delivery Why is breastfeeding recommended? What are the benefits?
Apgar score – determines the baby’s need for emergency care; 2 points each for heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reaction to a stimulus, and skin color. +7 = good; 5-7 needs help; 0-5 immediate care
Family sensitive birth practices:
- Newborn placed on mother’s stomach
- Father assists in cutting cord
- Held by mother/father
Mother nurses baby
Why is breastfeeding recommended? What are the benefits?