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Classification SC.912.L.15.6 Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms. Have students copy the benchmark numbers and the title: theory of evolution on the left side of their journals along with the essential question. Also pass out pre-printed bellringer at this time ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How have new discoveries helped us to redefine the relationships among organisms?
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Bell Ringer Based upon the information shown in the cladogram below, which trait would most likely be observed in ray-finned fish? A. amniotic egg B. bony skeleton C. four limbs D. hair
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Interactive Journal Left Side Right Side
Benchmark: Essential Question:
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Keep Panama City On Florida’s Good Side Come up with a
The science of classification is called taxonomy THE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE DOMAIN Video Clip Bacteria Archaea Eukarya KINGDOM Come up with a mnemonic device to remember the sequence! Report back to us… Protists Plants Fungi Animals Ours: Keep Panama City On Florida’s Good Side PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Artiodactyla FAMILY Giraffidae The official scientific name is a combination of the Genus and Species terms. 1. The science of classification is called________________. A Taxonomy B Biology C Kingdom D Paleontology 14. Which one of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy of classification, going from the most inclusive to the least inclusive? A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species B. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species C. Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family D. Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family GENUS Giraffa SPECIES Giraffa camelopardalis
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Biological Classification
Assign a universally accepted name to each organism (Latin) 2. Place organism into groups that have biological meaning Based on similarities in structures mainly Many scientist are pushing for a complete DNA grouping; more detailed/precise but a “closest gets more messy before it gets organized affect.”
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8th century – Carolus Linnaeus developed a naming system
System called binominal nomenclature; printing of the scientific name is the Genus & species. Presentation is important! Underline or italicized Only the genus is capitalized. Ex: Acer rubrum These characteristics can be placed into a dichotomous key, a key to help others to identify a species 13. The binomial system of classification was developed by: A. Darwin B. Wallace C. Linnaeus D. Malthus 10. In printing scientific names, it is conventional for only the ____ to be underlined or italicized. A. Binomial B. Genus C. Species D. Kingdom Canis lupus familiaris Genus species subspecies
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Dichotomous Key 2 formats: Tree Sentences Classify the following:
globalbiology.wikispaces.com mrsmaine.wikispaces.com
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The diagram shows a dichotomous key and a picture of a fruit
According to the key, the fruit comes from which species of tree? Fraxinus americana Fraxinus nigra Acer platanoides Acer negundo
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Which is more closely related?
Use the visual above to answer the following: Are bats or cats more closely related to the gray wolves? Using what you can infer from the figure, what are characteristics of animals in the order Carnivora?
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Cladogram Cladogram: A hypothesized evolutionary tree that proposes how species may be related to each other through common ancestors. Derived Characteristics: Traits use to figure our evolutionary relationships Traits shared by some species but are not present in others The more closely related a species = more derived characteristics Video: Building a Cladogram Interactive Class Activity: Building a Cladogram Why are cladograms considered hypotheses? Interactive Class Activity – Answers Backbone amniotic egg hair live young placenta Toad Iguana platypus Kangaroo Squirrel
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HOW TO READ AN EVOLUTIONARY TREE
Fish Bird Human Rat Mouse Common ancestor of mice and rats Time Common ancestor of mice, rats, and humans Common ancestor of mice, rats, humans, and birds Need to show if a rat is more closely related to a mouse or to a bird… easy… what about a human to a mouse or bird? Point out the common ancestor and who it is closely related to. - TEST QUESTION 11. Which plant, shown in the cladogram below, did all the other plants shown evolve from: A. Spikemosses B. Quillworts C. Clubmosses D. Flowering plants southeastregionscienceconnection.weebly.com Common ancestor of mice, rats, humans, birds, and fish At this point, a speciation event occurred and the ancestral species split into two species. This shows which groups are closely related, not which ones are more primitive or advanced.
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Various types of evolutionary trees
Why does DNA often have the “last word” when scientists are constructing evolutionary relationships? No matter the style of tree, all represent possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms and relationships. Why does DNA often have the “last word” when scientists are constructing evolutionary relationships?
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We Do Telephone Cladograms - Classification activity
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Bell Ringer – Redo Based upon the information shown in the cladogram below, which trait would most likely be observed in ray-finned fish? A. amniotic egg B. bony skeleton C. four limbs D. hair
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Bell Ringer – Answer Based upon the information shown in the cladogram below, which trait would most likely be observed in ray-finned fish? A. amniotic egg B. bony skeleton C. four limbs D. hair Correct Answer: B
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You Do 1. The diagram below represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms. Which species is most closely related to species L? A. species E B. species F C. species G D. species I
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You Do 2. The Florida Panther was once considered to be a subspecies of cougars and given a special trinomial taxonomy of Puma concolor coryi. Current scientists however, have studied the Florida Panther and removed the subspieces classification to only Puma concolor. Which of the following would most likely explain why the classification of the Florida Panther changed. New genetic evidence suggests a much closer relationship between the Florida Panther and other cougars. Shared features between the Florida Panther and other cougars were also found in newly discovered organisms in the world. Advanced technologies have shown a large difference in cell structure between the Florida Panther and other cougars. Trinomial naming conventions are no longer used by longer used by scientists because only the genus and species are important in taxonomy.
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You Do 3. An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor. Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram? Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons. Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears. Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas. The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas.
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You Do - Answers 1. The diagram below represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms. Which species is most closely related to species L? A. species E B. species F C. species G D. species I Correct Answer: B
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You Do - Answer 2. The Florida Panther was once considered to be a subspecies of cougars and given a special trinomial taxonomy of Puma concolor coryi. Current scientists however, have studied the Florida Panther and removed the subspieces classification to only Puma concolor. Which of the following would most likely explain why the classification of the Florida Panther changed. New genetic evidence suggests a much closer relationship between the Florida Panther and other cougars. Shared features between the Florida Panther and other cougars were also found in newly discovered organisms in the world. Advanced technologies have shown a large difference in cell structure between the Florida Panther and other cougars. Trinomial naming conventions are no longer used by longer used by scientists because only the genus and species are important in taxonomy. Correct Answer – A
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You Do - Answer 3. An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor. Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram? Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons. Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears. Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas. The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas. Correct answer: c
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