1. ITU Standardization and its new Environment
Lisbon, Portugal, 25th June 2002 by
Houlin ZHAO
Director
Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)
International Telecommunication Union, Geneva
Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland
Tel: Fax:
ITU Home page address:

2. ITU Landmarks 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph
1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore
1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States
17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.
1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone
1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)
1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)
1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)
1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to
International Telecommunication Union
1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations
1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)
1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:
ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks

3. Structure of the ITU

4. Situation of ITU Standardization
mainly financed by Governments
work dominated by industry
procedures very efficient, no longer slow
seek effective cooperation with SDOs to share the work
should be open to emerging technologies
should be open to researchers / students
try to keep its pre-eminent status
Situation of ITU Standardization

5. CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee):
1956 1st Plenary Assembly
1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red Books
1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books
1968 4th Plenary Assembly White Books
1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green Books
1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange Books
1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow Books
1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red Books
1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue Books
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector):
st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki
nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva
rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal
CCITT and ITU-T

6. "The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector
shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to
telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this
Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions
and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to
standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis"
Functions of ITU-T

7. Organizational Structure of ITU-T
Workshop / forum
Focus Group
Joint Group
Project team
Organizational Structure of ITU-T

8. ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and
performance
Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including related
telecommunications economic and policy issues
Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN
Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects
Study Group 6: Outside plant
Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and
sound transmission
Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG

9. ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of networks
and terminals
Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking
Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks
Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals
Study Group 17: Data networks and telecommunication software
SSG: IMT-2000 and Beyond
TSAG: Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
(Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …)
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG

10. Approval of new and revised Recommendations - Sequence of events (TAP)

11. AAP Sequence of Events (extract from Rec. A.8)
3 weeks
4 weeks LC
(b)
Director’s SG
Announcement
Meeting
(c)
SG or
Edited
Director’s
and Posting WP
Text
Announcement
Meeting
for LC
and Posting
3 weeks
for LC
(b)
(a) AR
(b)
Comment
(a)
Approved
Director’s
Resolution
Announcement
Director’s
Edited
and Posting
Notification
Text
for AR
Available
LC:
Last Call
AR:
Additional Review
AAP Sequence of Events (extract from Rec. A.8)

12. Working methods Questions (projects)
Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions, temporary documents)
face-to-face meeting:
- debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts
Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements
Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements)
draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendations
approved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations, published Recommendations
Implementor’s Guides
Meeting reports
Electronic submissions, web consultations, , ftp
Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms
Working methods

13. ITU-T Recommendations Series (1)
Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T
Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification
Series C General telecommunication statistics
Series D General tariff principles
Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation
and human factors
Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I Integrated services digital network
ITU-T Recommendations Series (1)

14. ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)
Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals
Series K Protection against interference
Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other
elements of outside plant
Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits
Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits
Series O Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)

15. ITU-T Recommendations Series (3)
Series Q Switching and signalling
Series R Telegraph transmission
Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T Terminals for telematic services
Series U Telegraph switching
Series V Data communication over the telephone network
Series X Data networks and open system communication
Series Y Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects
Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication
systems
ITU-T Recommendations Series (3)

16. Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations
Best selling texts (in the order of sales number from 09/01):
H G.707/Y.1322 G.783 G.703 G G.709 H.248
H G.729 Q.763 Q.931 G.704 G.703
G.807/Y.1302 Q.763 Q.931 H.248 Annex K G.871/Y.1301
P G.711
Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations:
E.164 E.190 E.212 G.652 G.655 G.692 G.703 G G.711 G.720
G.723 Annex A+disk G G.729+Annex A+disk G.780-series (SDH) G.826
G.957 G.982 G.990-series (xDSL)
H H.245 H.248 H.263 H H H.450 I.365 I.432 I.731 J.112 J.117
M.3010 M.3100 M.3400
Q.931 Q.1700-series (IMT-2000)
T.30 T.37 T V.34 V V.59 V.90 V.92
X.25 X.36 X X.680-series (ASN.1) X X.840-series
Y.1310 Y.1540
Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations

17. Approval and publication time of Recommendations

18. ITU-T's main work areas Three major items: - IP-related issues
- IMT-2000
- Accounting rates
Other items:
- Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), optical transmission, security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc.
ITU-T's main work areas

19. ITU-T’s work on voice coding
7 kHz band - wideband (G.722-series)
4 kHz band - analogue
64 kbit/s - PCM, G.711, 1972
32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G.721, 1984
16 kbit/s - G.728, 1992
8 kbit/s - G.729, 1996
4 kbit/s - G.4kbps
ITU-T’s work on voice coding

20. ITU-T’s work on still picture coding
Classic facsimile (G3, G4) T.4, T.6
B/W still pictures (JBIG) T.82, T.83
Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T.81
(lossless) (JPEG-LS) T.86
(JPEG-2000) T.800
ITU-T’s work on still picture coding

21. ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding
H video coding at n x 64 kbit/s
H generic video and audio coding
H video coding for low bit rates
H.26L - in progress (vs. MPEG-4)
- improved multimedia video coding
ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding

22. Access network 622 Mbit/s VDSL HDSL/ ADSL ISDN Analog modems Year
OPTICAL
ACCESS
50 Mbit/s
VDSL
25 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
HDSL/
ADSL
2 Mbit/s
640 kbit/s
ISDN
128 kbit/s
Analog
modems
56.6 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
Year
9.6 kbit/s
1989
1997
2000
Access network

23. ITU-T’s work on Optical networking
Fully optical networks
Increased bit rates (up to 40 Gbit/s)
Use of multi-wavelength techniques DWDM
Use of optical amplifiers
Interoperability and interconnection
Submarine optically amplified DWDM
Access networks for new high speed services
ITU-T’s work on Optical networking

24. ITU-T’s products for IP-networks
G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728 (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL) …
H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems) …
I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM) …
J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x + J.17x (IPCablecom) …
M.3120 (CORBA for TMN) …
Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC), Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2) …
T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia conference) …
V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92 (56 kbit/s) …
X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx (Directory),
particularly X.509, X.68x/X.69x (ASN.1), X.8xx (security), X.9xx (ODP) …
Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII
Z.100 (SDL), Z.14x (TTCN), Z.3xx (MM languages) … …
ITU-T’s products for IP-networks

25. ITU-T’s mobile communications
Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums
Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems
Convergence of fixed and existing IMT systems
New Generation of mobile systems
ITU-T’s mobile communications

26. Ensuring global interoperability
Quality of Service (QoS)
Numbering and routing
Security
Tariffs and Accounting rates
Interworking
Ensuring global interoperability

27. ITU-T Members 01/2000 12/2001 difference
Administrations
189 -
ROAs
161
179
+ 18
SIOs
234
+ 45
Associates 30
+ 30
Others 40 39
- 1
(Others: such as ISO, IEC, ISOC/IETF, INTELSAT, INMARSAT, EUTELSAT, ETSI, CEPT…)
ITU-T Members

28. Top Members participation (07/98-08/00)
Administrations (96/2208)
ROAs (87/1783)
SIOs (167/1875)
U.S.A
NTT
Lucent
China 232 FT
Ericsson
Germany 187 BT
Siemens
France DT
Nortel
Russia 99
ATT
Alcatel
U.K
KDDI
CSELT 69
Canada 63
Telecom Italia
NEC 47
Japan 63
Swisscom
Nokia 46
India 62 KT
Fujitsu 42
Ukraine 58
Telenor
Telecordia 36
Italy 56
Royal KPN
Motorola
Syria 53
Telia
OKI 32
Korea 50
Telekom Austria 37
ETRI
Total: (66%)
Total: (67%)
Total: (60%)
(Note – Cisco: 13)
Top Members participation (07/98-08/00)

29. Industry Members’ role
- ITU-T work is shared by Governments and Industry Members
(service providers and telecom equipment vendors)
- Individual Industry Memberships in ITU Sectors
13 out of 14 Study Group Chairmen (including TSAG) appointed
are from Sector Members
- Classic telecom members (to attract new IT Members)
- Director’s Informal Consultation meeting (with Industries)
known as “Martigny meetings”, twice: Feb and Feb. 2001
- Key point of ITU Reform: Industry Members’ rights and duties (partnership)
Industry Members’ role

30. Company’s dues to SDOs (ITU-T Associates = US $ 6,000)
Budget
SDO
Membership fees
Note
Annual fee (US$)
(25,000,000 $)
40,000,000 SFr
ITU-T
Minimum mandatory Other optional
½ unit (31,500 SFr)
20,000
20,275,000 $ (21,909,000 Euros)
ETSI
Mandatory according to turnover
45 units (5,000 Euros/unit)
211,050
IETF
Depending on participation
350 $/500 $ per meeting per person, 3 meetings per year
1050/1500 x ?
1,200,000 $
ECMA
Mandatory
$ 42,000 / $ 18, 000 / $ 10,000 standards free
42,000
(18,300,000 $) 29,305,000 SFr
ISO
Through national members
Shared by national members (five big members pay 9% of the budget)
(individual company up to 50,000)
(11,900,000 $) 19,000,000 SFr
IEC
(4,456,200 Euros) 4,000,000 $
3GPP
Shared by 6 SDOs
Average 500,000/SDO
1,840,000 $
3GPP2
Shared by 5 SDOs
Average
360,000/SDO
W3C
50,000 $ / 5,000 $, standards free
50,000
IEEE
5,000
2,870,000 $
ATM
Mandatory + meeting fees
$ 14,000/5,000/3,500/1,500, $ 250/275 per meeting 4 meetings/year, standards free
14,000+1,000/1,100 x?
(Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their members; such expenditures are not counted in the budget.)
Company’s dues to SDOs (ITU-T Associates = US $ 6,000)

31. ITU positioning ITU NGOs ISO, IEC ….. Intergovernment
(ITU-T and ITU-R)
NGOs ISO, IEC …..
Forums / Consortia / SDOs
1394TA 3G.IP 3GPP 3GPP2 AIM AMF
AMI-C AOEMA AOW ARIB ATM Forum BINTERMS
Bluetooth Cable Modems CBOP CDG CIF CII
CommerceNet CommerceNet J Committee T1 COS CPR CTFJ
DHF DISA DOPG DSL Forum ECE ECHONET
ECMA ECOM ECTF EDIFICE EDS EEMA
EIDX EMA EMF ERTICO ETSI EWOS
FCIA FCIA-J FIPA FRF FS-VDSL FSAN
GSM Assoc. HNF Home API HomePNA HRFWG IDB Forum
IEEE IETF IFIP IFSA IMTC IMWA
IPv6 IrDA ITS America ITS UK JAVA JCTEA
JECALS JEDIC JEMA JICSAP JIMM JMF
LONMARK MCPC MDG.org MITF MMCF Mobile Web
MOPA MPLS Forum MSF MWIF OASIS ODVA
OIF OMG OSGi PCCA PCISIG PCMCIA
PHS MoU PICMG PKI POF Salutation SCF
SCTE SDL Forum SDR SSIPG STA TIA
TINA-C TM Forum TOG TSC TTA TTC
UMTS USBIF UWCC W3C WAP WDF
Web 3D WfMC WIN Forum WLIF XTP Forum
………
ITU positioning

32. ITU-T coordination with SDOs
ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC JTC 1 cooperation since the 1970s; common texts since 1992
WTSA-2000 Resolution 7, Recommendation A.23 Joint President Cooperation Group (JPCG)  World Standards Cooperation (WSC)
IETF ITU-T Member since 1995
MoU PSO, July 1999; provide secretarial support to PSO, since 08/01
Joint management team meetings in 11/99 and 08/01
ETSI ITU-T Member since early 1990s MoU cooperation in June 2000
ISO, IEC, UN/ECE MoU on e-business in March 2000
GSC (Global Standards Collaboration): Since March 1994
TTA, TTC, ARIB, ETSI, T1, TIA, TSACC, ACIF, ITU
ITU-T coordination with SDOs

33. Cooperation between ISOC/IETF and ITU/ITU-T
ISOC membership in ITU
ITU Council-95 accepted ISOC as a Sector Member with
provisional exemption of membership fee on a temporary
basis
ITU Council-96 extended ISOC as a Sector Member with
provisional exemption until the PP-98
ITU Council-99 granted exemption to ISOC as a Sector Member on a permanent basis
Cooperation between ISOC/IETF and ITU/ITU-T

34. ITU Resolutions and ITU-T Recommendation conc. Internet
ITU Resolution 101 (Minneapolis, 1998):
“Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks”
ITU Resolution 102 (Minneapolis, 1998):
“Management of Internet domain names and addresses”
ITU-T Recommendation A.5 (01/98):
“Generic procedures for including references to documents
of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations”
Annex A: Information specific to ISOC/IETF documents
ITU Council-99 endorsed two actions (C99/51):
1. Participation by ITU-T in ICANN PSO
2. ITU Management of the .INT top level domain
ITU Resolutions and ITU-T
Recommendation conc. Internet

35. Cooperation with IETF/IAB
Good cooperation between ITU-T and IETF started in 1997,
good results for T.37, T.38, H.248, etc.
ITU-T becomes one of the founding members for PSO
- MoU signed in Oslo, 14 July 1999
- take over the secretariat support for PSO since August 2001
My presentation at the IETF-45 Plenary warmly welcomed
Joint meeting of ITU-T SG Chairs and IETF Area Directors:
1st meeting: Washington, D.C., 7 November '99 (30 participants)
2nd meeting: London, 5 August 2001 (30 participants)
Joint meeting with IAB, London, 5 August (20 participants)
Cooperation with IETF/IAB

36. ITU-T already defined processes for working with other organizations,
and TSAG enhanced these to include working with IETF
Guidelines were prepared for the SGs, including issues such as:
- how to interact on ITU-T and IETF work items, including:
* how ITU-T learns about existing and proposed new IETF work items
* how IETF learns about ITU-T work items
Representation, including:
- IETF recognition at ITU-T meetings and vice-versa
- communication contacts
- mailing lists
Document sharing, including:
- drafting
- the passing of documents between the Organizations
- cross referencing
Cooperation with IETF

37. What is ENUM? IETF protocol defined in RFC 2916
E.164 number can be used to look up a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
- Web addresses most commonly known URIs
Allows using E.164 number in context of combined PSTN & IP services ( , fax, SIP address, coordinates, other?)
For example:
 e164.TLD
What is ENUM?

38. ITU-T Responsibilities regarding ENUM
Define and implement administrative procedures that coordinate delegations of E.164 numbering resources into the agreed DNS name servers
Director of TSB, on behalf of Administrations, to
control the implementation of ENUM under
e164.arpa on a trial basis, while the registering is
done by RIPE NCC
ITU-T Responsibilities regarding ENUM

39. ITU’s involvement in ICANN
ICANN Board of Directors, 3 from PSO
(Mr. Vinton G. Cerf, Mr. Davidson (BT),
Mr. Schink (Siemens) (ITU proposed candidate))
ICANN Independent Review Panel (IRP) Nominating Committee
6 members:
Mr. H. Zhao 3 years PSO (Director of TSB/ITU)
Mr. T. Lee 2 years PSO
Ms. C. Liu 3 years ASO
Mr. J. K. Park 2 years ASO
Mr. S. Hemphill 3 years DNSO
Mr. O. Iteann 2 years DNSO
GAC: Mr. R. Shaw and Mr. R. Hill
ITU’s involvement in ICANN

40. ICANN Reform President of ICANN call for reform in February 2002
TSB Director conducted informal consultation with ITU Members in March/April
TSB Director presents a paper to ICANN on its reform, offering to assist ICANN in certain areas
ITU Council-2002 unanimously supported TSB Director’s initiative
Many contacts between ITU-T and the outside partners concerned
Hope for a successful ICANN reform
ICANN Reform

41. ITU-T Cooperation with forums / consortia / SDOs
ITU-T Rec. A. 4: communication with forums and consortia
ITU-T Rec. A. 5: referencing documents of other organizations in ITU-T Recommendations
ITU-T Rec. A. 6: cooperation and exchange of information with SDOs
Invitation to the Informal Forum Summit by the Director of TSB (December 3-4, 2001)
ITU-T Cooperation with
forums / consortia / SDOs

42. Members for Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 relationship
ASN.1 Consortium
ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses)
ARIB
ATM Forum
Committee T1
DSL Forum
CWTS
ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services)
CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group)
ECMA
FRF (Frame Relay Forum)
ETSI
IMTC (Multimedia)
ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems
IEEE
IPDR Organization
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
JCTEA
IPv6 Forum
FRF
NIST
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
SCTE
MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum)
ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force)
TIA
OASIS
JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association)
TTA
OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum)
MPLS Forum
TTC
OMG (Object Management Group)
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
SDL Forum Society
TM Forum (Tele Management Forum)
OIF
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
OMG
SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
TM Forum
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
W3C
Members for Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 relationship

43. Cooperation activities with SDOs (General)
Cooperation on common subjects (liaisons, communications, mutual participation)
Cooperation on workshops
ITU-T provide draft texts and other documents to SDOs to post for public consultation
ITU’s permission for SDOs to reproduce ITU-T texts
More to be done for mutual benefit: market study, joint promotion, mutual reference, joint conferences, efficient coordination, common IPR policy, etc.
“Informal Forum Summit”, Geneva, December 2001
FS-VDSL Forum to be changed into an ITU-T SG 16 Focus Group
Cooperation activities with SDOs (General)

44. New relationships between Forums/Consortia and ITU-T
Some forums become A.4 members of ITU-T
FS-VDSL Forum will become a Focus Group of ITU-T SG 16
Another Forum is considering to become a Focus Group of ITU-T
Home page connections for ITU-T and Forums/Consortia
ITU-T SG 16 management member be included in the Forum
leadership
New approaches…
TO COOPERATE and WORK TOGETHER!
New relationships between Forums/Consortia and ITU-T

45. Industry Views on ITU-T Martigny, February 2001
“Consensus: after WTSA-2000, the ITU-T procedures are now very streamlined and efficient so that any perception of slowness can no longer be attributed to the ITU-T methods…”
“fully recognized that Sector Members have a significant leadership role in the ITU-T technical standardization activities…”
“ITU-T is and should remain the unique worldwide venue for industry and governments to work together in developing, providing and promoting global consensus-based telecommunication requirements and standards for the Information Society”
Welcome you in ITU-T!
**********
Industry Views on ITU-T Martigny, February 2001