1. Warm up
Review for Quiz

2. King or Queen has complete control over government & its people
The Age of Absolutism
16th & 17th Centuries
System of government
King or Queen has complete control over government & its people
Autocracy
Centralized Government
Nation states

3. Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right Authority comes from God
Absolutism
Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right
Authority comes from God
Common features- Strong military, limited representative bodies, high taxes
Above the law

4. Breakdown of Feudalism/ Rise of Nation states Continuous Warfare
Causes of Absolutism
Breakdown of Feudalism/ Rise of Nation states
Continuous Warfare
Need for money
Exploration
Declining influence of the church

5. Regulation of Religion & society
Effects of Absolutism
Regulation of Religion & society
Loss of power by nobility & legislatures
New government Bureaucracies
Huge building projects

9. Golden age of Spain”
Wealth from colonies helped buildup military
Defender of Catholicism

11. Spanish Armada Defeated
1588
Spanish Armada Defeated
"Protestant Wind"

12. Henry IV increases power of Govt. & decreases power of nobility
France
The Bourbon Monarchy
Henry IV increases power of Govt. & decreases power of nobility
Louis XIII strengthens & builds up military
Cardinal Richelieu subdues nobles & Huguenots

13. "The Ultimate Absolutist"
Louis XIV
"The Ultimate Absolutist"
“The Sun King”
Ruled for 72 years
Mercantilist policies
Built the strongest army in Europe
Expanded bureaucracy
Persecuted the Huguenots
French Protestants

14. Built Lavish palace @ Versailles “Gilded Cage” for nobility)
His successors inherited enormous debts (costly Wars & extravagance

15. Review
State which country each explorer helped/sailed for (Options are: England, Spain, Portugal)
Francisco Coronado
Vasco da Gama
Bartolomeo Dias
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Francisco Pizzaro
Ponce de Leon

16. Answers Francisco Coronado- Spain Vasco da Gama- Portugal
Bartolomeo Dias- Portugal
Christopher Columbus-Spain
Ferdinand Magellan- Portugal
Francisco Pizzaro- Spain
Ponce de Leon-Spain

17. Warm Up Define the following Import Export Tariff Passive Resistance
Mercantilism

18. Review
Absolutism
Spanish
France

19. Today
Russia
England

20. Russia in the 1600s
Russia was primarily a medieval state, untouched by the Renaissance and Reformation
The “Time of Troubles” had plunged the country into disorder and foreign invasions
It wasn’t until Peter I the Great came to power that Russia got back to becoming a modern power
No czar and wars broke out between the boyars. Sensing weakness and the chance to take land – Poland and Lithuania invaded.Russia was in chaos

21. Toured Europe learning new technologies
Peter The Great
Grand Embassy tour
Toured Europe learning new technologies
Westernization/Modernization
Introduced western ideas
Laws, technology, culture
To impose his will, Peter I became the most autocratic of Europe’s absolute monarchs, meaning that he ruled with unlimited authority

22. Built largest army in Europe Won territory along the Baltic Sea
St. Petersburg becomes “Window to the West”
Major trading port & new capital
Centralized power
Reduced power of the nobility
Brought Orthodox Church under his control

23. Modernizing Russia
Using autocratic methods, Peter I pushed through social and economic reforms
Imported Western technology
Improved education
Improved waterways and canals
Developed mining and textile manufacturing
Backed new trading companies
To pay for these reforms, Peter I adopted mercantilist policies.
Peter I had no mercy for any who resisted the new order – those who revolted were tortured and executed

24. Peter I the Great’s Accomplishments
Strengthened Russia’s military
Expanded Russian territory (defeated Sweden and created a new capital in St. Petersburg)
Ended Russia’s long period of isolation
Centralized royal power
Pushed through social and economic reforms to Westernize Russia

25. 1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty
Russia
Ivan III & Ivan IV used harsh methods to unify Russia & strengthen Monarchy
1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty
4th-the terrible

26. Ivan III (Great) & Ivan IV (Terrible)
Ivan the Great
More than tripled the territory of Russia under his reign
Ivan the Terrible
Transformed Russia into an empire and a broader, long-term economy
Intelligent, but known for fits of rage; killed his own son/heir to the throne in an outburst
Ivan's notorious outbursts and autocratic whims helped characterise the position of Tsar as one accountable to no earthly authority, only to God

27. England

28. Early Checks on English Monarchs
1215 King John forced to sign Magna Carta
Limited King’s powers
1295 Edward I establishes Model Parliament
Lawmaking body
House of Lords & House of Commons

29. Parliament keeps the Monarchy in Check
Parliament successfully blocked attempted shifts to absolute rule
Tudor Monarchs ( ) generally worked well w/ Parliament
Ex. Henry VIII & Elizabeth I
                      
                   
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI

30. Had absolutist tendencies (Strong belief in Divine Right)
Stuart Monarchs
Had absolutist tendencies (Strong belief in Divine Right)
James I & son Charles I Consistently clashed with Parliament over finance & foreign policy
Angered Puritans
                  
Mary I
Elizabeth I
James I

31. Puritan Revolution (1642-1651)
English Civil War
Puritan Revolution ( )
Charles’s Cavaliers vs. Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell
Charles I is overthrown by forces loyal to Parliament
beheaded in 1649
Some Puritans wore their hair closely cropped round the head or flat and there was thus an obvious contrast between them and the men of courtly fashion, who wore long ringlets

32. Cromwell & the Commonwealth
England became a Republic called the Commonwealth
At first Cromwell & Parliament share power
1653-Cromwell assumes Title of Lord Protector & rules as a dictator
Cromwell brutally put down revolts in Ireland & Scotland
Genocide)

33. Restoration & The Glorious Revolution
Upon Cromwell’s death, Parliament restores Stuart Monarchy to throne
Charles II & James II became unpopular due to absolutist policies
Parliament fears return of Catholicism (James II)
Parliament overthrows James II & asks William & Mary to assume throne (Glorious Revolution)
King William III and Queen Mary II

34. 1688-William & Mary forced to sign English Bill of Rights is signed
Guarantees Parliament’s superiority over the Monarchy
England becomes a Limited Monarchy (Remains today)
While many consider the England form of government a democracy, which it is in practice, the Queen of England has many titular roles and is officially the head of state, although in practice, she has little political power or influence. The true influence and power in the England form of government comes from the prime minister and the Parliament.

35. Review
Identify the country of each leader (Options are: Spain, England, France, Russia)
Charles I
Elizabeth I
Ivan the Terrible
Philip II
Louis XIV
Peter the Great
Charles – English Civil War
Elizabeth- Rival of Spain and Philip II
Ivan the terrible- killed own son
Philip II-spanish armada
Louis XIV- Sun King
Peter the Great- Modernized Russia

36. Answers Charles I – England Elizabeth I – England
Ivan the Terrible – Russia
Philip II – Spain
Louis XIV – France
Peter the Great - Russia