1. The Periodic Table
Physical Science

2. A. Metallic Character
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

3. B. Table Sections Representative Elements Transition Metals
Inner Transition Metals

4. Overall Configuration
B. Table Sections
Overall Configuration
Lanthanides - part of period 6
Actinides - part of period 7

5. C. Columns & Rows
Group (Family)
Period

6. Purpose Allows us to have an organized way of viewing the elements
Knowing the trends of the periodic table gives us insight to elements properties and characteristics

7. Who? Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist
Created the periodic table where elements were arranged by increasing atomic MASS
Predicted elements that were not discovered

8. Henry G.J. Moseley, English scientist
Fixed problems with the old periodic table when he arranged elements increasing atomic NUMBER
Periodic law states when elements are arranged in this way, similarities in their properties will occur in a regular pattern

9. Columns & Rows
To learn more about the elements we can learn about the groups and periods
GROUP – a vertical column on the periodic table
PERIOD – a horizontal row on the periodic table

10. Groups Vertical columns are called groups
Each group contains elements that have similar characteristics
As well as have the same number of valance electrons

11. Periods Horizontal rows are called periods
Each period contains elements which have the same number of energy levels containing electrons

12. Krypton Atom
Iron Atom
Both have electrons in the fourth energy level AND are in period four

13. Organization
Regions on the periodic table
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

14. Metals There are 88 metals on the periodic table
The are the most abundant type of element on the periodic table
Blue area

15. Metals Are usually solid with the exception of Hg, Mercury
Are shiny and good conductors of heat
Metals are broken into 5 categories
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition elements
Lanthanides
Actinides

16. Alkali metals Are in Group 1 Very reactive
Only have one valance electron
Occur as compounds in nature

17. Alkaline earth metals In Group 2 Somewhat reactive
Have 2 valance electrons
Occur as compounds in nature

18. Transition elements In Groups 3-12
Occur as elements in nature (Uncombined)
Most can be stretched and shaped into flat sheets or wires (ductile)
Most are good conductors of electricity & heat
Examples – wires

19. Actinides In Period 7, consisting of elements 90-103
Are radioactive and unstable
Most are man-made (synthetic)
Produced to help scientists, even diagnose cancer

20. Nonmetals Are on the right side of the periodic table
Exception: Hydrogen
Are NOT shiny and not good conductors of heat
Solid, liquid and gas forms exist within the nonmetals
Noble gases &
halogens
Yellow area

21. Noble Gases Group 18 Very stable, thus not reactive
Has 8 valance electrons
Gases at room temperature
Will not bond with other elements

22. Halogens Group 17 Fairly reactive Have 7 valance electrons
Most are toxic

23. Semiconductors (metalloids)
The metals that border the line between metals and nonmetals
Only 6-boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium
They are able to conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions
Silicon is most familiar semiconductor-makes up 28% of the earth’s crust; component of LEDs

24. Increases to the LEFT and DOWN.
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius
Increases to the LEFT and DOWN.

25. Be or Ba Ca or Br Ba Ca B. Periodic Trends
Which atom has the larger radius?
Be or Ba
Ca or Br Ba Ca

26. B. Periodic Trends Group # = # of valence e- (except He)
Families have similar reactivity.
Period # = # of energy levels 8A 1A 2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A