1. Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 7:
The Antebellum Era,

2. Manifest Destiny
A Northern journalist (1845) wrote that the manifest destiny of the U.S. was “to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free descendants of our yearly multiplying millions”
The country’s leaders steadily increased territory and fought to protect its citizens across the continent

4. Section 1: Manifest Destiny
What words do I need to know?
-Manifest Destiny: The belief that God meant for the US to settle all lands west and “care for” those already living there
Annex: to add on
example- states were “annexed” into the US

5. Section 2: Deepening Divisions
What words do I need to know?
states’ rights
Missouri Compromise
sectionalism
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act

6. A Country Divided
States’ rights: Belief that the state’s interests take precedence over interests of national government
Sectionalism: Belief that your area is more important than all the rest
Nullification: The ability to disobey a law if it is not in your best interest.
Slavery
Economics and Tariffs
Culture
Education

7. Differences: North and South
Figure 18…. Page 216
Make a T-Chart that outlines the major differences between the North and South that led to the Civil War.

8. Slave Counts State 1790 white slave 1810 1860 georgia 53,000 29,000
145,000
105,000
592,000
462,000
S. Carolina
140,000
107,000
214,000
196,000
291,000
402,000
Virginia
442,000
293,000
552,000
393,000
1,047,000
491,000
New York
314,000
21,000
919,000
15,000
3,932,000
Pennsylvania
317,000
4,000
787,000
795
2,849,000
New Jersey
170,000
11,000
227,000
647,000

9. The Slave Owning South? State Total Slave- holders Held 1 Slave Held 2
Slaves
Held 3
Held 4
Held 5
Held
1-5
Held
Held 500+ GA
41,084
6,713
4,335
3,482
2,984
2,543
20,057
211 8 SC
26,701
3,763
2,533
1,990
1,731
1,541
11,558
441 VA
52,128
11,085
5,989
4,474
3,807
3,233
28,588
114 -

10. The Abolitionists Led the movement to do away with slavery
Many northern whites, some southern
and free blacks were involved
Made speeches, wrote books and articles, and offered their homes as safe houses for runaway slaves
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), by Harriet Beecher Stowe, portrayed slavery’s evils; the book sold more than 1 million copies
North Star and The Abolitionist were anti-slavery newspapers

11. The Missouri Compromise
Approved in 1820; Maine entered the Union as a free state, and Missouri entered as a slave state
11 states allowed slavery and 11 states did not
Prohibited slavery north of 36°20' latitude (the southern border of Missouri), and included Louisiana Territory lands west of Missouri
Temporarily solved slavery controversy between the states

12. The Compromise of 1850 California would enter Union as a free state
New Mexico territory would not become part of Texas or a guaranteed slave state
The District of Columbia would no longer trade slaves, but slave owners there could keep their slaves
Runaway slaves could be returned to their owners in slave states (Fugitive Slave Act)
Utah and New Mexico territories could decide if they wanted to allow slaves or not
Popular Sovereignty
**Led to Georgia Platform**

13. The Georgia Platform
The Georgia Platform was a statement executed by a Georgia Convention in response to the Compromise of Supported by Unionists, the document affirmed the acceptance of the Compromise as a final resolution of the sectional slavery issues while declaring that no further assaults on Southern rights by the North would be acceptable.
The Platform was an effective antidote to secession.
Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs fought for acceptance of the Compromise of 1850.

14. The Dred Scott Decision
Supreme Court ruling in 1857
A slave filed suit after he lived in free states with his owner but was returned to slave state
Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not file lawsuits
Court also ruled that Congress could not stop slavery in the territories
Decision further separated the North and South

15. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
Those territories had right of popular sovereignty
Popular sovereignty: When a territory asked for statehood, the people could vote on slavery

17. Section 3: Slavery as a Way of Life
What words do I need to know?
slave code
Underground Railroad

18. Slave Rebellions
Nat Turner led bloody rebellion in Virginia; between 57 and 85 people died; Turner was hanged
Nat Turner’s Rebellion and other unsuccessful rebellions prompted strict laws across the South designed to curtail slave movements, meetings, and efforts to learn to read and write
These laws applied to both slaves and freed blacks

19. Slave Codes Took away nearly all rights of slaves
Slaves could not carry weapons, make any contact with white people
People who tried to teach people of color were punished; slaves could not work any job involving reading and writing
Slaves had little time to talk together

20. John Brown
White abolitionist led a raid on federal arsenal (arms storehouse) at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
Brown wanted ammunition to lead a rebellion to free the South’s slaves
He was captured and hanged for treason
The Brown raid added to fear and distrust, especially in the South; to many Northerners, Brown became a hero

21. The Underground Railroad
Network of roads, houses, river crossings, boats, wagons, woods, and streams operated by blacks and whites
Provided a trail of flight for runaway slaves seeking freedom in Canada or the Northern states
Safe stops along the way called stations
Ex-slave Harriet Tubman personally
helped more than 300 slaves escape to freedom

22. Cotton Gin’s Impact on Slavery

23. Cotton Production in the South, 1820–1860

24. The Election of 1860 (Lincoln)
After Lincoln was elected, Georgians were faced with a decision…
Nullification was the states refusal to enforce federal law. Southern states thought it was okay to secede from the union because they believed Lincoln would not keep their best interests in mind.
The Southern States met to form the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected President and Alexander Stephens of Georgia was elected Vice President of the Confederacy

27. Georgians in Leadership
Robert Toombs named Secretary of State of the Confederate States of American (CSA)
Alexander H. Stephens named Vice-President
Governor Joseph E. Brown favored secession and used his terms as governor to prepare Georgia for war