1. CEN3722 Human Computer Interaction Learning
Dr. Ron Eaglin

2. Objectives
Describe why understanding how humans learn is in designing HCI
Describe differences between how experts and novices represent knowledge
Describe how learning by analogy can be used in system design
Describe the stages of learning
Describe and give examples of how humans have difficulty learning new concepts and procedures.

3. Objectives Define and provide examples of; Declarative knowledge
Procedural knowledge
Learning by analogy
Stages of learning; cognitive, associative, autonomous

4. Design and Learning Design affects how users learn systems
Different methods appeal to different people
Some like to be told – manuals or tutors
Like to jump in and learn by trial and error
Like to watch the work of others

5. Learn through Analogy
Learner invoke prior knowledge to interpret and predict behavior
Provides users with a conceptual basis to formulate understanding
Metaphors and conceptual models
Provides old ways of doing new things.

6. Gaining Expertise Declarative knowledge Procedural knowledge
Facts
Declares “what is”
Procedural knowledge
“How to” knowledge
Going from declarative to procedural
Using information that a computer has a mouse and keyboard to knowing how to use them,

7. Menu selection through mouse
Key Accelerators
1. Alt-E =
Open Edit Menu
2. U = Undo
Menu selection through mouse
Selection though keyboard
Shortcuts
Ctrl+A = Select All 7

8. Learning difficulties
Learners often
experience frustration and blame themselves
take longer than expected to learn
have trouble applying what they know after training
lack basic knowledge
make ad-hoc interpretations (wrong analogies)
Have trouble following directions
don’t read or follow directions
understand or follow directions correctly
Don’t understand how problems are related

9. Learning Challenges Interface features may not be too obvious
Learners may be confused by pre-requisites
Learners may not understand side effects of procedures
May be confused by feedback and outcome of procedures

10. Learning Difficulties - Help
Help facilities do not always help
Copy - Click on the Copy button to copy to the clipboard.
Paste – Click on Paste button to paste from the clipboard.
Some users do not understand basic concepts.

11. Stages of Learning Cognitive Associative Autonomous
Involves acquiring declarative knowledge
Associative
Connections between various elements required for successful performance are strengthened and procedural knowledge is increased.
Autonomous
Skills become automated and declarative knowledge is no longer needed.

12. Facilitate Skills Acquisition
Keep declarative knowledge small – fewer user options
Menus
Design interface to encourage user to acquire procedural skills
Support experienced users with procedural short cuts

13. Summary
Describe why understanding how humans learn is in designing HCI
Describe differences between how experts and novices represent knowledge
Describe how learning by analogy can be used in system design
Describe the stages of learning
Describe and give examples of how humans have difficulty learning new concepts and procedures

14. Summary Define and provide examples of; Declarative knowledge
Procedural knowledge
Learning by analogy
Stages of learning; cognitive, associative, autonomous