1. Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office Equipment Power Management Controls Bruce Nordman Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory sponsor: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program

2. Overview Energy Background Project Rationale Controls Introduction
Overall Plan
Specific Plan
Results

3. Office Equipment Energy Use Annual Electricity (TWh/year)
No Power Management
Now (ENERGY STAR)
Potential (100% Enabling)

4. Energy Savings (U.S.) TWh/year $billion/year Existing 27.1 2.2
Potential
Current Power Mgmt. Enabling Rates:
PCs: % Monitors: 60%
Printers: 80% Copiers: 70%

5. Problem Existing Power Management Controls are:
Hidden, Confusing, Absent
Power Management Enabling Rates Low
Lots of Wasted Energy
Poor User Image of Energy Efficiency, Product Quality

6. Solution
Create broadly similar interfaces for power / power management control across all office equipment and consumer electronics
Accomplish this by creating a voluntary standard for interface elements
Institutionalize the standard through international standards, industry standards, and marketing to industry
Expected Result: Increased enabling rates and use of existing power management capability

7. Standard Controls

8. Cars: Gearshifts

9. Phones: Number Layout

10. Traffic Signs, Indicators

11. Non-standard Controls: Blenders

12. Non-Standard Controls Cell Phones

13. Office Equipment Power Management Terms
On, Ready, Active, Idle, Standby*, Doze,
Suspend, Sleep, Deep Sleep, Low-Power,
Energy-Saver, Power-Saver, Hibernate,
Energy Star Mode, Weekly Timer, Delay
Timer, Idle Timer, Activity, Inactivity,
Auto-off, Soft-off, Off.

14. Office Equipment: What Works

15. Office Equipment: The “Standby” Problem
Suspend mode is known as standby mode under the Microsoft Windows 98 operating system. For systems with ACPI compliance, suspend mode is known as sleep mode” (Dell)
stand-by mode” — Fully ready to copy but not copying. (ASTM Copier Test Procedure)
“Stand-By — … an optional operating state of minimal power reduction …” (VESA Standard)
“Standby power — The lowest power mode in which the appliance is plugged in …” (LBNL-Leaking/Standby Electricity)
“Standby is … the lowest power state where the system is responsive to interrupts …” (PowerPC Reference Platform)
"Suspend is currently ignored under Windows 95/98 and Windows 2000 because the terminology is ill-defined. “ (Microsoft)
There is no distinction between Suspend and Standby in OnNow as there was previously under APM definitions" (Microsoft)

16. What Doesn’t Work:
PC Indicators
Sleep mode
Awake

17. Existing power-related ISO/IEC “Graphical Symbols For Use On Equipment”
Can you identify and define each of these?

18. Can you explain these buttons and indicator lights?

19. Overall Plan Existing Devices / Interfaces
Develop New Standards (Voluntary)
Market These to Institutions
Manufacturers (PAC)
International Standards Organizations
Industry Institutions

20. Professional Advisory Committee (PAC)
Provides project with Guidance, Review, Credibility
Compaq
Hewlett-Packard
IBM
Intel
Microsoft
Ricoh
Samsung
Sony
Sun
ITIC
ENERGY STAR

21. Specific Plan Institutional Review Literature Review 22 Topics
“Hard” Interface - Static
Device Behavior - Dynamic
Other Topics

22. Institutional Review “Who is Involved in Power Management Controls”
Standards / Standards Committees (ISO/IEC)
Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment
Indicator Lights
Others
Labeling Programs (e.g. ENERGY STAR)
Trade Associations (e.g. ITIC)
Manufacturers
Technology Initiatives / Protocols

23. Literature Insights Project Rationale Existing Designs Approach
Design Principles
Metaphor
Modes
General UI Lit. — not specific to power controls
Interactions / Transitions
Indicator Lights
Icons
Norman / Macintosh

24. Topics: High Priority, #1
Basic symbols and switches & buttons
Basic indicators
Changing power states
Transition indicators
Underlying archetype of power management behavior, including basic terms

25. Topics: High Priority, #2
Controlled and controlling devices
Remote indicators and controls
Composite devices and diversity of low-power modes
Power management ‘schemes’
Behavior based on wake event type
Linked behavior
Interactions with non-power modes

26. Topics: Medium / Low Priority
Disability
Culture
Temporary changes
System status after power failure
Terminology
Language
Batteries
Role of the term “ENERGY STAR”
Self-monitoring
Miscellaneous

27. “Hard” Interface Elements
Terms
Symbols/Icons
Indicators
Operating Metaphors
Scope: Office Equipment (& Consumer Electronics)

28. Initial Recommendations
Three basic power states: On, Off, Sleep
“Power” term (switch / indicator)
Change the international standard symbols for on/off, standby, and sleep
Green / Amber / Off for power indicators
Sleep metaphor (and moon)

29. Three Basic States On, Off, Sleep
Within a state, device has consistent capability, behavior (e.g. state change)
May have more states, but all mapped into forms of the basic three
“Hibernate” problematic, but tentatively a form of Off

30. The Term “Power” For indicators, switches/buttons
Need standard translation
Possible “international word” (voice)

31. Power Symbols Drop as a symbol.
Change meaning of from “Standby” to “Power”
and too similar.
Recommendation is most consistent with current usage on products.

32. Indicators Use Green / Amber / Off for On / Sleep / Off
Blinking only for transitions or non-power meanings
Possible standard (optional) audio indications
Cyberspace?

33. Sleep - Metaphor and Symbol
“Sleep” is most compelling metaphor, and has clear extensions (e.g. “waking up”).
is already common and seems clear

34. PC Sample State Diagram

35. Device Behavior (Dynamic)
Taxonomy of device types
User expectations
Device feedback
Consistency
Remote controls, indicators

36. Further User Interface Work
Lighting controls
Real-time price response controls

37. Questions / Comments
Process
Recommendations