1. Chemical Bonds
Packet #6
Chapter #2
Saturday, December 01, 2018

2. Introduction Compound Molecule Chemical Bonds
A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Molecule
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Chemical Bonds
Forces by which atoms are able to bond together.
An attraction between two atoms
Results from the sharing of electrons.
Results from the presence of opposite charges.
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3. Types of Chemical Bonds
Covalent Bonds
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4. Covalent Bonds I A bond in which electrons are shared.
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5. Types of Covalent Bonds
Single Bond
A covalent bond in which a single pair of electron is shared between bonded atoms.
Two electrons are shared
Provides an angle of 109.5˚
Double Bond
Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms
Four electrons are shared
Provides an angle of 120˚
Triple Bond
Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms
Six electrons are shared
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6. Covalent Bonds II
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7. Covalent Bonds II
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8. Types of Chemical Bonds II Saturated vs. Unsaturated Molecules
Indicates that there are ONLY single bonds
Unsaturated Molecules
Indicates that double, or triple bonds, are present.
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9. Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Unsaturated molecules allow the formation of kinks.
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10. Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bonds
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11. Ionic Bond
A bond that is formed by the attraction of two ions (cation & anion) of opposite charge
Cation
Positive charge
Anion
Negative charge
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12. Ionic Bonds II
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13. Types of Chemical Bonds
Polar Bond
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14. Polar Bond
One atom on the compound being more electronegative and grabbing more electron density
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15. Types of Chemical Bonds
Non-Polar Bonds
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16. Non-Polar Bond Joining of atoms with the same electronegativity
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17. Types of Chemical Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
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18. Hydrogen Bonds
A strong non-bonding interaction that causes a quick, weak “chemical bond.”
Occurs when a hydrogen atom, attached to a highly electronegative atom, interacts with a lone electron from a nearby electronegative atom.
These bonds are broken almost immediately
Depends on temperature.
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19. Phases of Matter Liquid Solid Gas
Elements and molecules can exist in all three phases
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20. Phases of Matter II
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21. Similar electronegativities
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds
Covalent
Share e-
Ionic
Give & Take e-
Polar
Grabs e- density
Non-Polar
Similar electronegativities
Hydrogen
Quick Grab and Release
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22. Molecules
Chemical Formulas
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23. Formulas in Biology Molecular Formulas Structural Formula
Says what the molecule is made of and how many they are
Structural Formula
Shows how the molecule is orientated in space
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24. Formulas in Biology II
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25. Isomers
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26. Same Chemical Formula; Different Structural Formula
Isomers
Isomer
One of two, or more compounds, with the same chemical formula but different structural formula
Stereoisomer
Atoms are connected in the same order but have different 3D arrangements
Enantiomer
Stereoisomer that have a mirror-image relationship
Diastereoisomer
Stereoisomer that is not a mirror image.
Isomer
Stereoisomer
Enantiomer
Mirror
Diastereoisomer
Non-mirror
Same Chemical Formula; Different Structural Formula
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27. Isomers II
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28. Isomers II
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29. Chemical Reactions
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30. Chemical Reactions I Two Parts 2H + 2Cl  2HCl Reactants Products
What goes in!
Products
What comes out!
Reactants  Products
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31. Review
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