1. Map Elements
Write On

2. Learner Expectation Content Standard: 3.0 Geography
3.01 Understand how to use maps, globes, and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process and report information from a spatial perspective.

3. In this activity you will:
Learn about the elements of a map: latitude, longitude, the hemispheres, directions, time zone, scale, and map legends.
Write a paragraph describing the parts of a map. Tell the function of each part in reading a map.

4. Notes…
Use the handout called “Latitude and Longitude” to complete your notes.
The answers are on these slides.

5. There is an imaginary grid system that is used to find the location of any place on earth.

6. Latitude and Longitude
This grid system is made from 2 sets of lines that intersect (overlap) each other called lines of latitude and lines of longitude.

7. Lat and Long…

8. Lines of
longitude only
Other lines of lat & long added
Latitude added (Equator )

9. Lines of Latitude
These parallel lines on the globe are lines of latitude.

10. Latitude North Pole South Pole90 80 [
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole. 70 60 50 40 30 20 ]
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole. 10 10 20 30
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A) 40 50 60 70 80 90

11. Latitude The North Pole is at 90° N The South Pole is at 90° S
40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator.
40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.
The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

12. Lines of Latitude
- Are imaginary lines, running (drawn) East to West on the globe.
- There are 180 parallels in total.
- They measure North to South of the Equator. -

13. They are also called parallels because they never touch (full circles).
- There are 90 lines of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere and and 90 lines in the Southern Hemisphere.
Each parallel is 1 apart or 111km in distance.
Remember, they don’t draw every degree on a map or globe but they are still there.

14. Latitude Each parallel is 1 apart or 111km in distance.
- The Equator is the 0°(degree) line of latitude that divides the world into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (hemi= half, sphere= circle).
- It is also known as a great circle.

15. The Equator
Latitude is measured above and below the Equator in degrees.

16. Where is 0 degree latitude ?
The Equator is the 0°(degree) line of latitude that divides the world into 2 halves or the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (hemi= half, sphere= circle).
- It is also known as a great circle.
Equator

17. Lines of Longitude… Lines of longitude run north and south.
Longitude meet at the North and South poles.
Longitude measures distance East and West of the Prime Meridian
The lines measure distances in degrees from the center of the earth.

18. Lines of Longitude

19. Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

20. Longitude Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian.
60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the
60° line of
longitude west
of the Prime
Meridian. W E
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

21. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°.
It is neither east or west but divides the

22. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180°
SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
If you took a cruise on a ship, circumventing, or traveling around the entire planet, you would experience firsthand a phenomena that would help you understand the importance of an international dateline. An explorer by the name of Ferdinand Magellan did just that in the year Magellan along with 241 men set out to travel around the entire Earth. These men kept very careful records as they traveled. Yet, when they returned, they found that their calendars were off by one day with the calendars of everyone in their home countries. What happened? How did these men loose an entire day? The day was not lost all at once. It was lost little by little, as the traveled around the Earth. If you stay in one place, a day lasts 24 hours. However, if you travel the opposite direction of the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly longer than 24 hours, because you are traveling ahead of the setting sun. If you travel with the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly shorter than 24 hours, because you are traveling into the sunset.
At any one moment there are actually two days on the Earth at the same time. A new day begins at mid-night on the International Dateline. It travels around the Earth, until 48 hours later it ends back at the International dateline. If you were to travel across the International Dateline, the date would change either forward, or backward. This line actually lies in the middle of a time zone. This means that the hour on the clock would not change, as you crossed over, just the date.

23. A location’s coordinates (____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

24. By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed

25. Where is 0 degree longitude ?
The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude.
It is located in Greenwhich England.
From this point, Longitude runs 180 degrees East or West
There are 360 meridians of Longitude in total

26. Longitude Angles
Longitude is measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian
Angles are measured from the centre of the earth (vertex of angle) east or west of the Prime Meridian

27. Orange cut through lines of longitude
Orange cut through lines of latitude

28. Latitude and Longitude combined
Latitude and longitude measurements are based on angle measurements as shown in this diagram and previous two diagrams

29. What is the Lat and Long of this point?

31. Hemispheres
By using the equator and prime meridian, we can divide the world into four hemispheres, north, south, east, west
Hemi= half
Sphere = circle

32. Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

34. Compass
A compass is a tool that helps the user know what direction one is headed.
On a map, a compass or a compass rose helps the user locate these directions.

35. Source: http://aerocompass.larc.nasa.gov
Compass Rose
The needle on a compass is magnetized to point to the earth's north magnetic pole. Thus with a compass, a person can roughly tell which direction they are headed.
There are four major or cardinal directions on a compass- north, south, east & west. In between are the directions northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest.
Direction Quiz
Source:

36. Directions The cardinal directions are north, south, east, and west.
The intermediate directions are northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest.
They help describe the location of places in relation to other places.

37. Scale
Maps are made to scale; that is, there is a direct connection between a unit of measurement on the map and the actual distance.
For example, each inch on the map represents one mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto dealers in one inch.

38. Scale

40. Time Zones
The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day.
As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day.
Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.

41. LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

42. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.
California the sun is still visible.

43. This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at night.

44. It’s still daylight in California
Saguenay
Sept-Iles
Thunder Bay
Toronto
St.John
Ottawa
It’s still daylight in California
Québec
Montréal
Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.
Detroit
Dallas
Puerto Rico
Houston
Miami
Mexico City
Havana
Port-au-Prince

45. NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.

46. Iceland
England
Atlantic
Ocean
France
Spain
Italy
AFRICA

48. Map Legends
The legend is the key to unlocking the secrets of a map. Objects or colors in the legend represent something on the map.
Religions Legend

49. Can you understand this legend?