1. Phylum Zygomycota: Conjugation Fungi
Grow on fruits and breads
Saprobes and parasites
Rhizopus: bread mould

2. Hyphae
Threadlike hyphae secrete enzymes which break down food. The hyphae then reabsorb the nutrients and transport them throughout the fungus by means of diffusion.

3. Phylum Oomycota: The Water Moulds and Mildews
Aquatic saprobes
Parasitic on land plants and fish.
Cell walls contain cellulose not chitin.
Spores swim using a flagellum.
Plasmopara viticola, the downy mildew of grapes. Almost wiped out the European wine industry.

4. Phylum Ascomycota: Sac Fungi
                                 
Include yeasts, morels and truffles
Saprobes that feed off of dead organisms
Budding
yeast
morels

5. Phylum Basidiomycota Club Fungi
Cap (pileus)
Saprobes that live off of dead organisms
Mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi, puffballs
Gills (arrow
shows spores)
annulus
Stalk
(stipe)
mycelium

6. Shelf fungus: grow on trees can weigh several kg. Edible.
                                             
Chantarele mushroom
Puffball
Poisonous or
non-poisonous?

7. Poisonous Mushrooms of Nova Scotia
Squirrels & other rodents often feed on Fly Agaric, but this does not mean the fungus is edible by humans. While ingestion of a single mushroom may cause no lasting effects, consumption of ten or more can be FATAL.

8. Lichens –Mycophycophyta!!!!!!
Made up of 2 organisms: sac fungi and algae
Live on rocks, trees and soil
Food for some animals
Help in the formation of soil by breaking down rock.
Mr. Fungi meet Mr. Algae

9. The Evolution of Plants
Kingdom Plantae
The Evolution of Plants

10. Introduction More than 280,000 species of plants inhabit Earth today.
Most plants live in terrestrial environments, including deserts, grasslands, and forests.
Some species, such as sea grasses, have returned to aquatic habitats.
Land plants (including the sea grasses) evolved from a green algae.
There are four main groups of land plants: bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
The most common bryophytes are mosses.
The pteridophytes include ferns.
The gymnosperms include pines and other conifers.
The angiosperms are the flowering plants.

11. Fig. 29.1
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12. The three phyla of bryophytes are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Bryophytes are represented by three phyla:
- liverworts
- hornworts
- mosses
Fig

13. Rhizoids are not composed of tissues.
Bryophytes are anchored by tubular cells or filaments of cells, called rhizoids.
Rhizoids are not composed of tissues.
They lack specialized conducting cells.
They do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.
Wind dispersal of lightweight spores (miniature bryophytes) has distributed bryophytes around the world.
They are common and diverse in moist forests and wetlands.
Some even inhabit extreme environments like mountaintops, tundra, and deserts.
Mosses can lose most of their body water and then rehydrate and reactivate their cells when moisture again becomes available.
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14. Sphagnum, a wetland moss, is especially abundant and widespread.
It forms extensive deposits of undecayed organic material, called peat.
Wet regions dominated by Sphagnum or peat moss are known as peat bogs.
Its organic materials do not decay readily because of acidic secretions that inhibit bacterial activity.
Fig

15. Bryophytes were probably Earth’s only plants for the first 100 million years that terrestrial communities existed.
Bryophtyes lack vascular tissue:
The 2 types are: xylem (for transporting water) and phloem (for transporting nutrients), so all water and nutrients are distributed to cells by diffusion. Therefore, bryophytes are small.
Bryophytes require water for reproduction

16. Seedless Vascular Plants
Pteridophytes
Ferns and Horsetails

17. Introduction
The seedless vascular plants: ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails
These phyla probably evolved from different ancestors among the early vascular plants.
Fig

19. Gymnosperms
The First Seed Plants

20. The evolution of the seed in an ancestor common to gymnosperms and angiosperms facilitated reproduction on land.
A seed consists of a plant embryo packaged along with a food supply within a protective coat.
The first seed plants evolved about 360 million years ago, near the end of the Devonian.
The early seed plants gave rise to the diversity of present-day gymnosperms, including conifers (cone bearing plants, AKA a Christmas Tree).