1. Surgical therapy of chronic pancreatitis: Indications, techniques and results 
Oliver Strobel, Markus W. Büchler, Jens Werner 
International Journal of Surgery 
Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages (January 2009)
DOI: /j.ijsu
Copyright © 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Local complications of chronic pancreatitis. Fibrosis and the inflammatory mass can result in stenosis and prestenotic dilatation of the pancreatic duct, the common bile duct and the duodenum. Intraductal concrements result in ductal obstruction. Formation of pseudocysts result in local compression of neighboring structures. Not shown: Parenchymal calcifications and portal vein thrombosis.
International Journal of Surgery 2009 7, DOI: ( /j.ijsu )
Copyright © 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Drainage procedures in chronic pancreatitis. a) If the cyst wall is thick enough, a pancreatic pseudocyst can be safely and effectively treated by drainage with a cysto-jejunostomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. b) In rare patients with a dilation of the pancreatic duct of>7mm without inflammatory mass, a laterolateral pancreatojejunostomy – Partington–Rochelle-procedure – may be performed.
International Journal of Surgery 2009 7, DOI: ( /j.ijsu )
Copyright © 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Techniques of pancreatic head resection for chronic pancreatitis. Resections are shown on the left, reconstructions on the right side. a) Partial pancreatoduodenectomy (here shown as pylorus-preserving procedure). The pancreatic head is removed with the duodenum. The reconstruction is performed by a pancreatojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy and a duodenojejunostomy (if pylorus-preserving). b) Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection: Beger-procedure. The pancreas is dissected on the level of the portal vein. The pancreatic head is excavated and the duodenum is preserved with a thin layer of pancreatic tissue. If the bile duct is obstructed it can be opened and a internal anastomosis with the excavated pancreatic head can be performed (not shown). The reconstruction is performed with two anastomoses, of the pancreatic tail remnant and of the excavated pancreatic head with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. c) Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection: Frey-procedure. The Frey-procedure combines a circumscript excision in the pancreatic head with longitudinal dissection of the pancreatic duct toward the tail. Reconstruction is performed with an anastomosis with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. Compared to the Beger-procedure the extent of resection of the pancreatic head is smaller, however, reconstruction is easier as it only requires one anastomosis to the pancreas. d) Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection: Bern modification. The Bern modification is a technical simplification of the Beger-procedure. The extent of resection of the pancreatic head is comparable to the Beger-procedure. However, the pancreas is not dissected on the level of the portal vein. Thus, reconstruction can be performed with one single anastomosis of the pancreas with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. The bile duct can be opened and a internal anstomosis can be performed (as shown).
International Journal of Surgery 2009 7, DOI: ( /j.ijsu )
Copyright © 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions