1. Describe the political system of the United States based on the Constitution of the United States.
COS Standard 4

2. Chapter 6 Section 1 and 2
Identifying factors leading to the development and establishment of political parties, including Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies, conflicting views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, George Washington’s Farewell Address, and the election of 1800

3. Rise of Political Parties
Government needs more money to operate.
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton come up with plans to help the government.
Madison wants to tax imports (Tariff of 1789).
Hamilton wanted to assume the debts that the states had amassed. (Create national debt)

4. Rise of Political Parties continued
The plans create controversy.
During American Revolution, the government sold bonds to help pay for the war.
After the war, Hamilton wanted to accept the bonds at full value hoping that people would have faith in the government in the future.
Northerners owned the bonds; South is mad because most of money used to pay off debt would come from South.
Several southern states had already paid their debt off
Compromise: capitol of US is Washington D. C.

5. Rise of Political Parties continued
Hamilton asked Congress to create a National Bank.
Madison says no to the bank because it is not within the federal governments enumerated powers (powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution).
Hamilton argues that even though a bank is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, there is a clause within the Constitution that allows for a bank.
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)
Implied Powers
Split in Congress forms political parties.

6. Necessary and Proper Clause
The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

7. Rise of Political Parties continued
Federalists: Hamilton, strong national government, in hands of wealthy, manufacturing and trade are the basis of wealth and power
Democratic-Republicans: republicans—Madison and Jefferson, states rights, educated public, wants agrarianism, supports agriculture

8. Foreign Affairs Hamilton and the Federalist- Great Britain
Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans- France

9. Washington’s Farewell Address
Warns against…
Sectionalism
Political parties
Being too attached to one foreign nation

10. Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson defeats John Adams by 8 electoral votes
However, Jefferson’s running mate Aaron Burr received the same amount of electoral votes as Jefferson
The House of Representatives debated 6 long days to break the tie
Alexander Hamilton convinces enough Federalist to cast blank ballots to help Jefferson

11. 1800 Election Results Thomas Jefferson wins
Although Hamilton opposed Jefferson’s philosophy of governments, he saw Jefferson better fit for the job
Revealed flaw in the electoral process under the constitution
Congress passes 20th Amendment
Electors have to cast separate ballots for president and vice president