1. Dec.18, 2017 You need: Clean paper (2) / pencil
Warm up paper for Mental Math
Warm Up:
Mental Math Quiz will begin shortly. Be ready!
I CAN: determine how heat is transferred – and how it relates to density and pressure.

2. Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things:
It traps energy from the sun keeping the Earth warm.
The heat also keeps water in liquid form (good for life)
It protects Earth from dangerous radiation and meteor collisions.

3. Let’s make a model!
Write the notes ONTO the correct layer.
Add color to the layers and the pictures.
Cut out the layers and the pictures.
Assemble on your notebook paper.
**Be careful to place them low enough on the page so that they don’t stick out of the top of your binder!!**

4. Exploring Air with Syringes
Based on the investigation:
What can air do?
A few words you need to know…
Compress – means to squeeze into a smaller space
Density – the amount of mass (stuff) in a certain amount of space (volume)
Air Pressure – the force of air pushing on stuff
Barometer – a tool that measures air pressure
COMPRESS

5. What happened?
The fire heats up the air inside the bottle and makes it expand – pushing some air out.
When the fire goes out, the air cools and contracts (takes up less space), creating LOW pressure in the bottle.
Suddenly the HIGH air pressure outside the bottle can "push" the egg inside.

6. HEAT TRANSFER

7. Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Run-off
heat
Flows
Evaporation
ocean
largest 75
process
moves
earth
atmosphere

8. But if you’re wearing white, you will stay cooler.
If you’re wearing a black shirt on a sunny day, you will feel REALLY warm.
But if you’re wearing white, you will stay cooler.

9. This is because dark colors ABSORB more sunlight than lighter colors.

10. The air over this part of South America might be cool…
While the air over this part is warmer.
This is called UNEVEN HEATING.

11. Cold air moves pretty slowly, and stays pretty tightly packed together:

12. Hot air, on the other hand, goes really fast and expands to fill more space.

13. So, hot air is LESS DENSE than cold air.

14. So, since hot air is less dense than the surrounding air, it rises, leaving a low-density, low-pressure area behind.
Low pressure

15. This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!
Nearby cold air can then rush in to fill low-pressure area left by the rising hot air.
This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!

16. UNEVEN HEATING
The uneven heating of the air that causes wind is created not only by different colors on Earth’s surface, but also by:
Different surfaces (grass vs. snow vs. water, etc.)
Pollution in some areas
Different amounts of sunlight due to seasons, clouds, etc.

17. So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
During the day, the air over the sand is hotter than the air over the water because the water takes longer to heat up in the Sun.
So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
WARMER
COOLER

18. So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
But at night, the air over the water is warmer than the air over the sand, because water HOLDS heat longer than the ground.
So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
COOLER
WARMER

19. Sea Breeze

20. Land Breeze

21. Climate vs Weather Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = overall pattern, trend
small scale = daily, weekly, small times
Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = Over the entire Earth
small scale = tiny area…usually land beside water.

22. Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies
Horse latitudes 4
Trade winds 5
Equator / Doldrums

23. United States of America

24. Coriolis Effect – the effect on the air caused by the rotation of the earth.

25. Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies
Horse latitudes 4
Trade winds 5
Equator / Doldrums

26. Air Masses & Fronts

27. What is an AIR MASS? WARM COLD WET DRY
An air mass is a huge body of air that influences weather.
Scientists classify air masses based on:
TEMPERATURE and HUMIDITY
WARM
COLD
WET
DRY

28. Air Masses are named based on where they FORMED…
= TROPICAL
= POLAR
= MARITIME (means sea… wet)
= CONTINENTAL (means land… dry)
WARM
COLD
WET
DRY

29. How are Air Masses named?
WET
DRY
MARITIME
TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL
TROPICAL
WARM
MARITIME
POLAR
CONTINENTAL
POLAR
COLD

30. North American Air Masses
MARITIME POLAR
CONTINENTAL POLAR
MARITIME POLAR
MARITIME TROPICAL
MARITIME TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

31. How do these air masses move?
MARITIME POLAR
CONTINENTAL POLAR
MARITIME POLAR
Jet Stream
That’s why weather generally moves WEST to EAST
in the U.S.
Jet Stream
Prevailing Westerlies
Prevailing Westerlies
MARITIME TROPICAL
MARITIME TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

32. What happens when air masses meet?
Air masses don’t mix easily.
The line between air masses is called a front.

33. COLD FRONTS

34. WARM FRONTS

35. Watch the BrainPop video on “Weather” and write down 2 things you learned.

36. Use your textbook (pg.133-135) to fill out the chart.

37. Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts
How it Forms
Type of Weather
Cold
A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass.
Clouds form.
If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall.
Possible thunderstorms.
Warm Front
Stationary Front
Occluded Front

38. Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts
How it Forms
Type of Weather
Cold
A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass.
Clouds form.
If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall.
Possible thunderstorms.
Warm Front
A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass.
Scattered clouds.
Light rain or snow.
May last several days.
Stationary Front
Occluded Front

39. Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts
How it Forms
Type of Weather
Cold
A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass.
Clouds form.
If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall.
Possible thunderstorms.
Warm Front
A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass.
Scattered clouds.
Light rain or snow.
May last several days.
Stationary Front
Cold and warm air meet, but neither can move the other. Creates “standoff”
Rain, snow, clouds, or fog that may last for days.
Occluded Front

40. Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts
How it Forms
Type of Weather
Cold
A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass.
Clouds form.
If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall.
Possible thunderstorms.
Warm Front
A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass.
Scattered clouds.
Light rain or snow.
May last several days.
Stationary Front
Cold and warm air meet, but neither can move the other. Creates “standoff”
Rain, snow, clouds, or fog that may last for days.
Occluded Front
A warm air mass is caught between 2 cooler air masses. Warm air mass is pushed up.
Temperature gets cooler.
Clouds and rain may form.

41. Surface Map (Fronts & Precipitation)
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

42. Temperature Map

43. H L What will happen to the weather in Little Rock?
Which direction is the warm front moving? L H
12°C
19°C
14°C
20°C
25°C
Tuesday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Clouds & Rain
Warmer = 21°C
Wednesday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Partly Sunny
Warmer = 26°C
Monday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Sun & clear skies
Cool = 15°C
28°C
21°C
26°C
15°C
30°C
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

44. Which direction is the cold front moving?
What will happen to the weather in Nashville?
10°C
8°C
18°C
10°C
11°C
Thursday Weather
Nashville, TN
Partly Sunny
Warm = 20°C
Saturday Weather
Nashville, TN
Sunny
Cool = 10°C
Friday Weather
Nashville, TN
Thunderstorms
Cooler = 15°C
10°C
20°C
15°C
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front