1. THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
UNIT ONE
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

2. Complete this phrase: communication is…
A) what is broadcasted by the mass media
B) an interaction process
C) all the information given by somebody
D) a written file
E) a degree you study in College

3. What media do you use to get information every day?
A) newspaper
B) radio
C) movies
D) television
E) theater
F) brochures
G) fliers
H) mouth to mouth
I) internet

4. Basic Concepts COMMUNICATION:
From the Latin “comunicare”, consists of “making common” a meaning between/among two or more people. In other words, to share ideas.
INFORMATION:
Type of communication. To inform is “to make known” a message with no expectation of feedback.

6. ACTIVITY. LANGUAGE SAFARI
Choose a place where you can see many people
Select a group of people, observe them, take a photo
Take notes about how people interact
Give your opinion about how effective their communication was
What emotions did they express?
Send the photo to my

7. IMPORTANCE. What was first: communication or society?

8. INFORMATION PROCESS It’s passive
It’s half of the communication process
Without interaction it’s not communication

9. background
In Mexico information using newspapers, radio (1920) and tv (1950)
As a degree it was called Journalism in the 40´s, then in the 60’s it became a technique, in the 80’s turned into a science.

10. BACKGROUND
After the WWII the negative influence of the media was studied.
PAUL JOSEPH GOEBBLES

11. BACKGROUND Mass communication S R Advertisers and Psychologists S R
Collective communication C C

12. DO YOU KNOW WHO THEY ARE? DO YOU KNOW IF THEY HAD ANY COMMUNICATION PROBLEM? HOW DID THEY SOLVE IT?

13. ACTIVITY: PREPARE A MIND MAP THAT SUMMARIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN OUR LIFE AND HOW IT HAS EVOLVED.

14. SIGNALS. They are shown by hints, images and symbols
SIGNALS. They are shown by hints, images and symbols. They can be a perceptible fact of natural origin.

15. Symbols. Conventional representation.

16. Semiotics/Semiology
The theory and study of signs and symbols, especially as elements of language or other systems of communication.

17. The concept (or mental content) represented by the signifier.
SIGN. It is anything (e.g., a word, image, sound, object, gesture, or substance) that can be used to express a meaning
SIGN
SIGNIFIED
SIGNIFIER
Any material thing that signifies, e.g., words on a page, an icon, an image.
The concept (or mental content) represented by the signifier.

18. EXAMPLES: SIGNIFIER: AN APPLE SIGNIFIED: A FRUIT TECHNOLOGY
THE LOGO OF A COMPUTER FIRM
SIGNIFIER: AREA OF LOS ANGELES
SIGNIFIED: CELEBRITY
SHOW BUSINESS

19. ACTIVITY. FILL IN THESE CHARTS
SIGN
SIGNIFIER
SIGNIFIED 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
SIGNAL
MEANING 1. 2. 3.
SYMBOL
MEANING 1. 2. 3.

20. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

21. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal One’s self.
Interpersonal From two to eight people.
Group From nine to 100s of people.
Mass s of receivers
contacted through the use of the
media.

22. Read the following situations
Read the following situations. What type of communication can you identify?
You are giving a class presentation.
You are at a party talking with some friends.
Bruno Mars is giving a concert.
A manager is at a meeting with his staff.
You prepare your new year resolutions.
The President gives a message to his country.

23. ARE THESE MESSAGES SENT IN THE SAME WAY?
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION

24. SENDER´S NAME
MESSAGE
TYPE OF COMMUNICATION USED

25. ACTIVITY
Write 8 situations to represent each of the types of communication we’ve seen.

26. SIGNAL
SIGN
NATURAL ORIGIN
SIGNIFIER
SIGNIFIED
ICON
ANY IMAGE

27. Basic Concepts
1. SIGN  A sign is anything (e.g., a word, image, sound, object, gesture, or substance) that can be used to express a meaning.
    As traditionally analyzed, a sign consists of two parts: a signifier and a signified.
   a. SIGNIFIER    Any material thing that signifies, e.g., words on a page, a facial expression, an image.
    b. SIGNIFIED    The concept (or mental content) represented by the signifier.
2. SIGNAL – a perceptible fact of natural origin. (black clouds, white dove)
3. ICON – From the Greek word for “image,” this sign is visual. It is a picture or drawing. Street signs are icons. The image represents what is “signified.”

29. Non-verbal communication= 80% -90%
Facial expression
Social meaning of physical characteristics
kinesthetic

30. (voice, sneeze, yawn, snore)
Paralinguistics
(voice, sneeze, yawn, snore)
Touch
Functional= professional
Social= Courtesy
Contact= Sex
Proximity
Intimicy= 15cm
Personal =45cm
Social= 1.20
Public= 3mt
Clothes, accesories, environtment
light
music
color

31. ACTIVITY. AFTER WATCHING THE VIDEO “SIGNS”, COMPLETE THIS SEQUENCE CHAIN, MENTION WHAT KIND OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION CODES YOU COULD IDENTIFY.

32. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
A) Nothing can be compared to it.
B) We use it to express ideas, needs and feelings.
DENNOTATION ( LITERAL MEANING) + CONNOTATION (DIFFERENT CULTURAL MEANINGS) = LANGUAGE

33. WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?

34. EMPATHY
It means “wearing someone else’s shoes”

35. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION VS. PRIVATE COMMUNICATION
Public communication is seen as transferring information through television, newspaper, radio, mass mailing, and any means that can reach a mass of people. Public communication needs to have the ability of reaching many people.
Private communication is the one considered as not appropriate for use or display in public; intimate issues.

36. THE SPEECH PERSUADE/CONVINCE HIDE THE TRUTH GET AN ADVANTAGE
MAKE A FACT SMALLER
PROTECT SOMEONE´S IMAGE
DEFEND/ATTACK SOMEBODY
MANIPULATE
SAY THE TRUTH PARTIALLY
ACTIVITY . Write examples that represent the ways the speech is used.

37. What are the MOST IMPORTANT elements that we always find in the process of communication?
1.code 2. receiver 3. channel
4.context 5. sender 6. noise
7.message 8.speech

38. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
WHO
WHAT
TO WHOM

39. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication
Modern Communication Theory is based on mathematical theorems developed by Claude Shannon, an engineer and researcher at Bell Laboratories, in Shannon's original theory (also known as “The mathematical theory of communication” or “information theory") was elaborated by Warren Weaver, a media specialist with the Rockefeller Foundation.

40. Shannon-Weaver Model

41. WILBUR SCHRAMM’S MODEL (1959)

42. SCHRAMM: The process of interpersonal communication
SEMANTIC INTERFERENCE
COMMON FIELD OF EXPERIENCE

43. DAVID K. BERLO

44. BERLO BASED ON SHANNON AND WEAVER

45. LASSWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

46. Important Concepts
Sender (or Encoder): An information source; a person or device that originates a message.
Receiver (or Decoder): The audience for a message. Also known as the addressee.
Message: The actual information or signal sent from a sender to a receiver. The "content”.
Medium (or Channel): The method used to transmit a message (print, speech, telephone, smoke signals, etc.).
a) if an object is used this is a technical channel.
b) if a body is used this is a physiological channel.
Noise:
a) Technical noise – anything that interferes with a channel’s transmission of a message
(low visibility, poor ink quality, static electricity, loud music in the background).
b) Semantic noise – a language obstacle that interferes with the transmission of a message. This noise occurs within the code of language. (mumbling, strange accent, a language not understood).
Interpretation: All operations that a receiver performs in order to decode and understand a message.
Feedback: Information about a message that a receiver sends back to the sender; the receiver's reaction or response to a message.

47. The Effect of Media on the Masses
The lending of social prestige Social prestige is elevated when media brings people favorable attention.

48. The Narcotizing Effect
Mass media reduces the time dedicated to social activity. The informed man tends to consider himself a participant in social problems when the reality is that social activity does not grow. We know problems but we do not act to solve them. We are just passive receptors.

49. Escape from reality (Evading reality)
The spectator (receiver) uses media to escape from reality. This may also show itself as emotional atrophy or a change in social class.

50. Frustration
A feeling of dissatisfaction or failure. Advertisements for luxury vehicles, fabulous homes and exotic places that get to people with little economic resources are a good example of the effect of frustration.

51. Manipulation
The idea of guiding the public (through the leaders of public opinion of media) to adopt predetermined conducts and attitudes. The media divides society into two hemispheres – the good and the bad. People are not (generally) conscious of this manipulation.

52. Alienation
The social effect of media that causes a feeling of strong separation or difference. (An Indian Sikh whose religion requires him to wear a turban and carry a sword. An indigenous person, a punker or anybody with a extreme “look” could qualify if he has this feeling)

53. Non-Domestic Product Favoritism (Malinchismo)
This is the supression of national personality usually represented by a preference of non-domestic (foreign) products over domestic, national products.
This syndrome may occur with products (Levis, cars), customs (Halloween) and ideas or attitudes