1. Jamestown: Planting of English America

2. Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther Ninety- five Theses (1517)
Condemned many practices of the Catholic church
Bible, not Church was focus of faith
Sparked religious conflict in Europe

3. England’s Imperial Stirrings
Henry VIII
Created Anglican Church (Church of England) in 1534
Established England as religious rival to Catholic Spain
Queen Elizabeth (ascend to throne 1558)
Reinforced Protestant beliefs and opposition to Catholicism
Wanted to make England powerful
Built up England’s navy
Authorized privateers to attack the Spanish to spread Protestantism and gain revenue for England

4. First British Attempts at Colonization
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1583)
Attempted settlements in Newfoundland
Sir Walter Raleigh (1585)
Roanoke created in NC
“Lost” by 1590
“Croatan”
Early failures led to creation of joint stock company to fund colony
people buy shares of stock in investment
allows more money available for exploration

5. England Eclipses Spain
Spanish Armada (1588)
Philip II of Spain wanted to restore Catholicism to England
Navies fought in English Channel
“Protestant Wind” blows and scatters Spanish Navy
British defeat Spanish Armada
Dutch Independence ( )
Britain supported revolt of Dutch against Spain
Treaty of London (1604)
Peace established between England and Spain
Creates sense of optimism and confidence in England

6. Reasons for Colonies Booming population Land enclosure movement
Raw materials & markets for British industry
crop failures, famine, social unrest
Spread Protestant Christianity, especially Puritanism
Economic depression caused by inflation spurred by influx of gold & silver from the Americas
Hampshire, England
British population was 3 million in 1500 and increased to 5 million by 1630
Price revolution also undermines traditional landed gentry of England because wealth was no longer determined by control of land. Price of rents were static because they were long term basis, but prices increased rapidly

7. Virginia Company of London
Also known as the London Company
King James I gave charter to create a colony
Given land between modern NJ & SC
Settlers told to find gold or lose funding
Guaranteed same rights as Englishmen

8. Jamestown May 24, 1607 Created along James River in Virginia
Poor choice of land – swampy, mosquitoes, bad water
Most settlers were “gentlemen” or looking for gold, so could not produce their own food through hunting, fishing or farming
Half settlers died in first winter
Company kept sending more settlers
Captain John Smith
“He who shall not work shall not eat”
Pocahontas and Powhatan
Spared John Smith, but later taken captive
Learned English, converted to Christianity

9. The “Starving Time” Winter 1609-1610 440 of 500 settlers died
John Smith gone to England
Siege by Powhatans
Ate horses, dogs, cats, rats, mice, snakes, boots, shoes, leather and then resorted to cannibalism

10. From John Smith’s reports during the “starving time”:
“Nay, so great was our famine, that a Salvage we slew, and buried, the poorer sort took him up again and eat him, and so did divers one another boiled and stewed with roots and herbs:”
“And one amongst the rest did kill his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part of her before it was known, for which he was executed, as he well deserved; now whether she was better roasted, boiled or carbonado'd, I know not, but of such a dish as powdered wife I never heard of.”
“Jane” of Jamestown

11. Conflict with Powhatan
Powhatan Confederacy
Loosely allied group of tribes
Lord De La Warr (1610) sent to defeat Indians
First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614)
Indian homes & fields burned
Ends w/ marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe
Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644)
Indians try to force whites from land Defeated & banished from their lands
1685 Powhatan considered extinct
English win because
Indians not united
disease destroyed Indian communities

12. Indians in the New World
Ways of life changed
Horses led to Indian migration & new hunting opportunities
Disease
Destroyed entire cultures
Eliminated elders & social stability
Trade
Barter system moved to commercial trade
Increased competition between tribes for European goods, especially guns
Algonquians
United w/ other tribes to increase power against Europeans

13. Tobacco Saves J’town John Rolfe began growing tobacco (1612)
Demand kept settlement going
Increased demand for new land
Tobacco ruins soil
Increased contact/confrontation with Indians
Slavery introduced to Virginia (1619)
Early on slaves were too expensive
Indentured servants used instead
Passage over, housing, food & clothing paid for in exchange for labor
Contract usually about 7 years
Free at end of contract
Many died before contract fulfilled
Headright system gave 50 acres to anyone who paid for an indentured servant’s passage

14. House of Burgesses Colony established House of Burgesses (1619)
VA Company allowed more relaxed rules to attract settlers
House of Burgesses (1619)
First elected assembly in America
Allowed colonists to make its own laws
White, male, landowners could vote
King James I tired of VA’s problems
1624 charter revoked & made Virginia a royal colony

15. Bacon’s Rebellion
Armed rebellion against VA’s Gov. William Berkeley led by Daniel Bacon
Believed gov’t run by wealthy planters wasn’t doing enough to protect frontier settlers from Indian attacks
Attacked J’town demanding governor resign
Bacon died (dysentery), movement fell apart BUT, planters began to prefer African slaves over indentured servants