1. Why Have Some Ethnicities Been Transformed Into Nationalities?
Ethnicity
Why Have Some Ethnicities Been Transformed Into Nationalities?

2. Nationality
Legal attachment & personal allegiance to a particular country
legal status + cultural tradition
Voting, passport, civic duties (taxes)
What is your Race? Ethnicity? Nationality?
Can be quite ‘muddy’ (ex. Quebecois)
Be comfortable with the differences between them

3. Rise of Nationalities
Nation-States: a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a certain ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
Desire for self-rule (self-determination)
Rarely happens precisely
Can you think of an example of a nation state?

4. Nation-States in Europe
Most of W Europe was made up of NS’s by 1900
Many boundaries redrawn post WWI
Nazi goal during 1930s to unite all of German speaking Europe into one state
No one stepped in until they invaded Poland
Start of WWII

5. Case Study: Denmark Almost perfect nation-state But NOT perfect….
Danish ethnicity corresponds closely with countries borders
Homogeneous language/culture etc.
Nearly all live in Denmark
But NOT perfect….
10% ethnic minorities
Guest workers (Turkey)
Refugees (Former Yugoslavia)
Atlantic territories (Faeroe islands & Greenland 12% Danish pop.)
Separate language/ethnicity

7. Nationalism Loyalty/devotion of citizens to a nationality
How do we foster nationalism in Canada?
Mass media important
Symbols
Flags, Songs (anthems), holidays
Centripetal Force – attitude that tends to unify people
Opposite = Centrifugal

8. Multinational & Multi-ethnic States
A state that contains more than one ethnicity is a multi-ethnic state
Belgium
Flemish & Walloons
Multi-national states contain 2+ ethnic groups that have traditions of self-rule & recognize each other as distinct nationalities
Can cause problems
United Kingdom – 4 main nationalities
Canada!

9. Former Soviet Union 15 republics based on largest ethnicities
When collapsed in 1990’s; all these became independent countries
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (all different religions – known as Baltic states)
Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan & Uzbekistan (the “stans”)
Azerbaijan*, Armenia*, Georgia* (aka Caucasus)
Russia*
Russia now largest multinational state (39)

10. Republics of the Soviet Union
Fig. 7-11: The Soviet Union consisted of 15 republics that included the country’s largest ethnic groups. These all became independent countries in the early 1990s.

11. Ethnic Groups in Russia
Fig. 7-12: Russia officially recognizes 39 ethnic groups, or nationalities, which are concentrated in western and southern portions of the country.