1. Figure 1 Bimodal distribution of the glutamic acid decarboxylase
autoantibody titre in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Figure 1 | Bimodal distribution of the glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody titre in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. The bar graph shows the frequency and distribution of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody titre in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The y axis shows the absolute frequency (%) of the values specified on the x axis. The x axis reports the log10-transformed titre of GAD autoantibodies (and the respective titre in arbitrary units (U)) measured in 193 patients with LADA who participated in the Non Insulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes (NIRAD) Study22. The GAD autoantibody titre was measured using a radiobinding assay with in vitro-translated 35S-methionine-labelled GAD65 antibody. The results were converted into U by extrapolation from a standard curve with a local standard designated 100 U. The graph illustrates the bimodal distribution of the GAD autoantibody titre in patients with LADA, with a nadir of 32 U, and identifies two subpopulations, with low (blue bars) and high (red bars) GAD autoantibody titres. The bimodality of the GAD autoantibody titre was verified using a bimodality coefficient63, which we determined to be ≥ American Diabetes Association, Buzzetti, R. et al. High titer of autoantibodies to GAD identifies a specific phenotype of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes, Diabetes Care, 30, 932–938, American Diabetes Association, Copyright and all rights reserved. Material from this publication has been used with the permission of American Diabetes Association.
American Diabetes Association, Buzzetti, R. et al. High titer of autoantibodies to GAD identifies a specific
phenotype of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes, Diabetes Care, 30, 932–938, American Diabetes Association, 2007.
Copyright and all rights reserved. Material from this publication has been used with the permission of American Diabetes Association.
Buzzetti, R. et al. (2017) Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current knowledge and implications for management
Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi: /nrendo