1. Quote & Citations
Notes and Templates

2. Quoting others Use a direct quotation in the following situations:
You’re using the statement as a piece of evidence for your own argument
You’re establishing another’s position
Another person has said something better and more clearly than you can
Writers cannot assume that the meaning of a quotation is obvious.
Quotations need to be taken from their original context and integrated fully into the writer’s argument.
Every quotation needs to have your own words appear in the same sentence.

3. Templates to help you incorporate quotes
X states, “__________.”
As the world-famous scholar X explains it, “________.”
As claimed by X, “______.”
In her article _______, X suggests that “_________.”
In X’s perspective, “___________.”
X concurs when she notes, “_______.”

4. Work Cited Page
A complete list of every source that you make reference to in your essay
Provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any sources cited in your essay.
Should have sources listed alphabetically by the first word in the source.
First line should be flush to left margin with subsequent lines in a hanging indent.

5. Example: 1985. Company, 1958. Bloomington: U of Indiana P, 1958.
Works Cited
Dickens, Charles. Bleak House New York: Penguin,
1985.
---. David Copperfield New York: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1958.
Miller, J. Hillis. Charles Dickens: The World and His Novels.
Bloomington: U of Indiana P, 1958.
Zwerdling, Alex. “Esther Summerson Rehabilitated.” PMLA 88 (May
1973):

6. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations?
When quoting any words that are not your own
When summarizing facts and ideas from a source
When paraphrasing a source

7. Handling citation
Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text. Below are two ways of doing this.
Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).
If the source has no known author, then use an abbreviated version of the title:
Full Title: “California Cigarette Tax Deters Smokers”
Citation: (“California” A14)
If the source is only one page in length or is a web page with no apparent pagination:
Source: Dave Poland’s “Hot Button” web column
Citation: (Poland)

8. Commentary Here are some templates for explaining quotations:
In other words, X asserts __________.
In arguing this claim, X argues that __________.
X is insisting that _________.
What X really means is that ____________.
The basis of X’s argument is that ___________.